Translator Lady Isabel Burton Publisher B. L. Garnier Originally published 1865 Genre Romance novel Adaptations Iracema (1917) | Language Portuguese Publication date 1865 Followed by Ubirajara Country Brazil | |
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Original title Iracema
Iracema - A Lenda do Ceará Series Alencar's indigenist novels Similar José de Alencar books, Romance novels, Classical Studies books | ||
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Iracema (in portuguese: Iracema - A Lenda do Ceará) is one of the three indigenous novels by José de Alencar. It was first published in 1865. The novel has been adapted into films twice in 1917 as a silent film and in 1949 as a sound film.
Contents
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Plot introduction
The story revolves around the relationship between the Tabajara indigenous woman, Iracema, and the Portuguese colonist, Martim, who was allied with the Tabajara nation's enemies, the Pitiguaras.
Through the novel, Alencar tries to remake the history of the Brazilian colonial state of Ceará, with Moacir, the son of Iracema and Martim, as the first true Brazilian in Ceará. This pure Brazilian is born from the love of the natural, innocence (Iracema), culture and knowledge (Martim), and also represents the mixture (miscegenation) of the native race with the European race to produce a new (Brazilian) race.
Explanation of the novel's title
Iracema is Guarani language for honey-lips, from ira - honey, and tembe - lips. Tembe changed to ceme, as in the word ceme iba, according to the author.
"Iracema" is also an anagram of "America", appointed by critics as befitting the allegorization of colonization of America by Europeans, the novel's main theme.
Characters in Iracema
Iracema and the Indianist Novels
Iracema, along with the novels O Guarani and Ubirajara, portrays one of the stages of the formation of the Brazilian ethnic and cultural heritage. Iracema symbolizes the initial meeting between the white man (Europeans) and the natives. "Moacir" means "Son of Pain", which is related to his birth, alone with his mother who was abandoned by Martim for some time when he had to go and help the Potiguaras in a tribal war against the Tabajaras.