Intersecting Storage Rings CERN, 1971–1984 ISABELLE BNL, cancelled in 1983 Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider BNL, 2000–present | Super Proton Synchrotron CERN, 1981–1984 Tevatron Fermilab, 1987–2011 Superconducting Super Collider Cancelled in 1993 | |
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The ISR (standing for "Intersecting Storage Rings") was a particle accelerator at CERN. It was the world's first hadron collider, and ran from 1971 to 1984, with a maximum center of mass energy of 62 GeV. From its initial startup, the collider itself had the capability to produce particles like the J/ψ and the upsilon, as well as observable jet structure; however, the particle detector experiments were not configured to observe events with large momentum transverse to the beamline, leaving these discoveries to be made at other experiments in the mid-1970s. Nevertheless, the construction of the ISR involved many advances in accelerator physics, including the first use of stochastic cooling, and it held the record for luminosity at a hadron collider until surpassed by the Tevatron in 2004.