Integrated threat theory, also known as intergroup threat theory is a theory in psychology and sociology which attempts to describe the components that cause a perceived threat between social groups.
Contents
Original components of the theory
In its original formulation, the four generally accepted components of integrated threat theory were realistic threats, symbolic threats, intergroup anxiety, and negative stereotypes.
Realistic threats
These are threats that pose a realistic danger to the in-group. These can include physical threats, threats to economic and political power, and threats to existence. These threats are broad, encompassing any threat to the group, and are based on perception. The threat does not have to be actual, only perceived to be existent to be a threat. This component was originally developed as a part of realistic group conflict theory by Robert LeVine, Donald T. Campbell, and Muzafer Sherif.
Symbolic threats
These are the perceived differences between group morals, standards, beliefs, and attitudes. This is a threat to the group's worldview rather than to its physical well-being.
Intergroup anxiety
These are anxieties based on intergroup interaction and that the outcome would be negative for the self, such as embarrassment, rejection, or ridicule. In integrated threat theory, the anxieties are physically measured to calculate prejudice.
Negative stereotypes
These create a sense that an outgroup poses a threat and that interactions with the outgroup will lead to negative outcomes. In essence, this is a fear of negative consequences through interaction with an outgroup.
Updated two-component theory
In the updated version of the theory, the four components have been reduced to two basic types - realistic and symbolic threats. Realistic threats are threats to a group’s power, resources, and general welfare. Symbolic threats are threats to a group’s religion, values, belief system, ideology, philosophy, morality, or worldview.