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Iguazu River

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- right
  
Rio de Areia

- elevation
  
110 m (361 ft)

Length
  
1,320 km

Mouth
  
Bridges
  
Tancredo Neves Bridge

- elevation
  
1,200 m (3,937 ft)

Basin area
  
62,000 km²

Discharge
  
1,746 m³/s

Source
  
Iguazu River httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu

- left
  
Rio Negro (Iguazu), Rio Xopim

- location
  
Near Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

- location
  
Foz do Iguaçu, Misiones Province and Paraná, border between Argentina and Brazil

Similar
  
Iguazu Falls, Iguazú National Park, Itaipu Dam, Garganta del Diablo, Parque das Aves

The Iguazu River (Portuguese: Rio Iguaçu [ˈʁi.u iɡwaˈsu], Spanish: Río Iguazú [ˈri.o iɣwaˈsu]; also called Rio Iguassu) is a river in Brazil and Argentina. It is an important tributary of the Paraná River. The Iguazu River is 1,320 kilometres (820 mi) long, with a drainage basin of 62,000 square kilometres (24,000 sq mi).

Contents

Map of Iguazu River

Course

The Iguazu originates in the Serra da Baitaca State Park, created in 2002, in the Serra do Mar coastal mountains of the Brazilian state of Paraná. For 1,205 kilometres (749 mi), to its confluence with the San Antonio River, the Iguazu flows west through Paraná State, Brazil. Downriver from the confluence the Iguazu River forms the boundary between Brazil and Argentina's Misiones Province. Continuing west, the river drops off a plateau, forming Iguazu Falls. The falls are within national parks in both Brazil, Iguaçu National Park, and Argentina, Iguazú National Park. It empties into the Paraná River at the point where the borders of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay join, an area known as the Triple Frontier.

Ecology

Unlike tropical South American rivers where the annual variations in temperature are relatively limited, the water in the subtropical Iguazu River varies significantly depending on season. At two sites, one located just above and another just below the falls, the water at both varied from about 15.5 to 29 °C (60–84 °F), and average was just below 22 °C (72 °F). The pH is typically near-neutral, ranging from 5.9 to 8.7.

About 100 fish species are native to the Iguazu River and several undescribed species are known. Most fish species in the river are catfish, characiforms and cichlids. About 70% are endemic, which to a large extent is linked to the falls, serving both as a home for rheophilic species and isolating species above and below. This also means that, with the exception of the threatened Steindachneridion melanodermatum in the lower part, large migratory fish known from much of the Paraná River Basin are naturally absent from Iguazu. Almost 30 introduced species are found in the river where about one-third originate from other continents (such as carp, largemouth bass, tilapia and African sharptooth catfish) and the remaining from elsewhere in South America (such as dorado, Cichla kelberi, pacu, Brycon hilarii, Prochilodus lineatus and Odontesthes bonariensis).

The unusual Aegla crustacean are locally common in the Iguazu River Basin.

Environmental issues

In July 2000 more than 4,000,000 litres (1,100,000 US gal) of crude oil spilled into the river from a state-run oil refinery in the municipality of Araucária near Curitiba.

References

Iguazu River Wikipedia


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