Harman Patil (Editor)

ISO 639 macrolanguage

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ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. In defining some of its language codes, some are classified as macrolanguages, which include other individual languages in the standard. This category exists to assist mapping between another set of languages codes, ISO 639-2, and ISO 639-3. ISO 639-3 is curated by SIL International, ISO 639-2 is curated by the Library of Congress (USA).

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The mapping often has the implication that it covers borderline cases where two language varieties may be considered strongly divergent dialects of the same language or very closely related languages (dialect continuums). It may also encompass situations when there are language varieties that are sometimes considered to be varieties of the same language and sometimes different languages for ethnic or political rather than linguistic reasons. However, this is not its primary function and the classification is not evenly applied. For example, "Chinese" is a macrolanguage encompassing many languages that are not mutually intelligible, but the languages "Standard German", "Bavarian German", and other closely related languages do not form a macrolanguage despite being more mutually intelligible. Other examples include Tajiki not being part of the Persian macrolanguage despite sharing much lexicon, and Urdu and Hindi not forming a macrolanguage. Basically, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 use different criteria for dividing language varieties into languages, 639-2 uses shared writing systems and literature more whereas 639-3 focuses on mutual intelligibility and shared lexicon. The macrolanguages exist within the ISO 639-3 code set to make mapping between the two sets easier.

There are fifty-six language codes in ISO 639-2 that are considered to be macrolanguages in ISO 639-3. The use of this category of macrolanguage was applied in Ethnologue, starting in the 16th edition.

Some of the macrolanguages had no individual language (as defined by 639-3) in ISO 639-2, e.g. "ara" (Arabic), but ISO 639-3 recognizes different varieties of Arabic as separate languages under some circumstances. Others, like "nor" (Norwegian) had their two individual parts (nno Nynorsk, nob Bokmål) already in 639-2. That means some languages (e.g. "arb" Standard Arabic) that were considered by ISO 639-2 to be dialects of one language ("ara") are now in ISO 639-3 in certain contexts considered to be individual languages themselves. This is an attempt to deal with varieties that may be linguistically distinct from each other, but are treated by their speakers as forms of the same language, e.g. in cases of diglossia. For example,

  • Generic Arabic, 639-2
  • Standard Arabic, 639-3

    • ISO 639-2 also includes codes for collections of languages; these are not the same as macrolanguages. These collections of languages are excluded from ISO 639-3, because they never refer to individual languages. Most such codes are included in ISO 639-5.

    Types of macrolanguages

  • elements that have no ISO 639-2 code: 4 (bnc, hbs, kln, luy)
  • elements that have no ISO 639-1 code: 29
  • elements that do have ISO 639-1 codes: 32
  • elements whose individual languages have ISO 639-1 codes: 2 (hbs – hr, bs, sr and nor – nn, nb)

    • List of macrolanguages

    This list only includes official data from http://www.sil.org/iso639-3.

    aka


    aka     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Akan. Its ISO 639-1 code is ak. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. fat – Fanti

    2. twi – Twi

    ara


    ara     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Arabic language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ar. There are 30 individual language codes assigned.


    1. aao – Algerian Saharan Arabic

    2. abh – Tajiki Arabic

    3. abv – Baharna Arabic

    4. acm – Mesopotamian Arabic

    5. acq – Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic

    6. acw – Hijazi Arabic

    7. acx – Omani Arabic

    8. acy – Cypriot Arabic

    9. adf – Dhofari Arabic

    10. aeb – Tunisian Arabic

    11. aec – Saidi Arabic

    12. afb – Gulf Arabic

    13. ajp – South Levantine Arabic

    14. apc – North Levantine Arabic

    15. apd – Sudanese Arabic

    16. arb – Standard Arabic

    17. arq – Algerian Arabic

    18. ars – Najdi Arabic

    19. ary – Moroccan Arabic

    20. arz – Egyptian Arabic

    21. auz – Uzbeki Arabic

    22. avl – Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic

    23. ayh – Hadrami Arabic

    24. ayl – Libyan Arabic

    25. ayn – Sanaani Arabic

    26. ayp – North Mesopotamian Arabic

    27. bbz – Babalia Creole Arabic

    28. pga – Sudanese Creole Arabic

    29. shu – Chadian Arabic

    30. ssh – Shihhi Arabic

    aym


    aym     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Aymara. Its ISO 639-1 code is ay. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ayr – Central Aymara

    2. ayc – Southern Aymara

    aze


    aze     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Azerbaijani. Its ISO 639-1 code is az. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. azj – North Azerbaijani

    2. azb – South Azerbaijani

    bal


    bal     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Baluchi. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


    1. bgp – Eastern Balochi

    2. bcc – Southern Balochi

    3. bgn – Western Balochi

    bik


    bik     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bikol. There are 8 individual language codes assigned:


    1. bcl – Central Bicolano

    2. bto – Iriga Bicolano

    3. cts – Northern Catanduanes Bicolano

    4. bln – Southern Catanduanes Bicolano

    5. fbl – West Albay Bikol

    6. lbl – Libon Bikol

    7. rbl – Miraya Bikol

    8. ubl – Buhi'non Bikol

    bnc


    bnc     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Bontok. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ebk – Eastern Bontok

    2. lbk – Central Bontok

    3. obk – Southern Bontok

    4. rbk – Northern Bontok

    5. vbk – Southwestern Bontok

    bua


    bua     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Buriat. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


    1. bxu – China Buriat

    2. bxm – Mongolia Buriat

    3. bxr – Russia Buriat

    chm


    chm     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mari, a language located in Russia. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. mhr – Eastern Mari

    2. mrj – Western Mari

    cre


    cre     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Cree. Its ISO 639-1 code is cr. There are 6 individual language codes assigned:


    1. crm – Moose Cree

    2. crl – Northern East Cree

    3. crk – Plains Cree

    4. crj – Southern East Cree

    5. csw – Swampy Cree

    6. cwd – Woods Cree

    In addition, there are 6 closely associated individual codes.


    1. nsk – Naskapi (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

    2. moe – Montagnais (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

    3. atj – Atikamekw (part of the Cree language group but not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

    4. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

    5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern) (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

    6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western (part of the Ojibwa language group with strong influences from the Cree language group and not included under the cre macrolanguage designation)

    In addition, there is 1 other language without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

    1. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)

    del


    del     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Delaware. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. umu – Munsee

    2. unm – Unami

    den


    den     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Slave. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. scs – North Slavey

    2. xsl – South Slavey

    din


    din     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dinka. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


    1. dip – Northeastern Dinka

    2. diw – Northwestern Dinka

    3. dib – South Central Dinka

    4. dks – Southeastern Dinka

    5. dik – Southwestern Dinka

    doi


    doi     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Dogri. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. dgo – Dogri (individual language)

    2. xnr – Kangri

    est


    est     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian. Its ISO 639-1 code is et. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ekk – Estonian (Standard Estonian)

    2. vro – Võro

    fas


    fas     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Persian. Its ISO 639-1 code is fa. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. prs – Dari Persian

    2. pes – Western Persian

    ful


    ful     is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for Fulah (also spelled Fula). Its ISO 639-1 code is ff. There are 9 individual language codes assigned for varieties of Fulah:


    1. fub – Adamawa Fulfulde

    2. fui – Bagirmi Fulfulde

    3. fue – Borgu Fulfulde

    4. fuq – Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde

    5. ffm – Maasina Fulfulde

    6. fuv – Nigerian Fulfulde

    7. fuc – Pulaar

    8. fuf – Pular

    9. fuh – Western Niger Fulfulde

    gba


    gba     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gbaya located in the Central African Republic. There are 6–7 individual language codes assigned:


    1. bdt – Bokoto

    2. gbp – Gbaya-Bossangoa

    3. gbq – Gbaya-Bozoum

    4. gmm – Gbaya-Mbodomo

    5. gya – Northwest Gbaya

    6. mdo – Southwest Gbaya (Retired 2008-01-14)

    7. gso – Southwest Gbaya

    gon


    gon     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Gondi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. gno – Northern Gondi

    2. ggo – Southern Gondi

    grb


    grb     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Grebo. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


    1. gry – Barclayville Grebo

    2. grv – Central Grebo

    3. gec – Gboloo Grebo

    4. gbo – Northern Grebo

    5. grj – Southern Grebo

    grn


    grn     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Guarani. Its ISO 639-1 code is gn. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


    1. nhd – Chiripá

    2. gui – Eastern Bolivian Guaraní

    3. gun – Mbyá Guaraní

    4. gug – Paraguayan Guaraní

    5. gnw – Western Bolivian Guaraní

    hai


    hai     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Haida. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. hdn – Northern Haida

    2. hax – Southern Haida

    hbs


    hbs     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Serbo-Croatian. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


    1. bos – Bosnian

    2. hrv – Croatian

    3. srp – Serbian

    hmn


    hmn     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Hmong. As of Feb. 2007, 24 individual language codes are included:


    1. hmc – Central Huishui Hmong

    2. hmm – Central Mashan Hmong

    3. cqd – Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao

    4. hme – Eastern Huishui Hmong

    5. hmq – Eastern Qiandong Hmong

    6. muq – Eastern Xiangxi Hmong

    7. hmj – Gejia

    8. mww – Hmong Daw

    9. hnj – Hmong Njua

    10. hrm – Horned Miao

    11. hmd – Large Flowery Miao

    12. hml – Luopohe Hmong

    13. huj – Northern Guiyang Hmong

    14. hmi – Northern Huishui Hmong

    15. hmp – Northern Mashan Hmong

    16. hea – Northern Qiandong Miao

    17. sfm – Small Flowery Miao

    18. hmy – Southern Guiyang Hmong

    19. hma – Southern Mashan Hmong

    20. hms – Southern Qiandong Miao

    21. hmg – Southwestern Guiyang Hmong

    22. hmh – Southwestern Huishui Hmong

    23. hmw – Western Mashan Hmong

    24. mmr – Western Xiangxi Miao

    iku


    iku     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inuktitut. Its ISO 639-1 code is iu. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ike – Eastern Canadian Inuktitut

    2. ikt – Western Canadian Inuktitut

    ipk


    ipk     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Inupiaq. Its ISO 639-1 code is ik. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. esi – North Alaskan Inupiatun

    2. esk – Northwest Alaska Inupiatun

    jrb


    jrb     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Judeo-Arabic. There are 5 individual language codes assigned:


    1. yhd – Judeo-Iraqi Arabic

    2. aju – Judeo-Moroccan Arabic

    3. yud – Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic

    4. ajt – Judeo-Tunisian Arabic

    5. jye – Judeo-Yemeni Arabic

    kau


    kau     is the ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language code for the Kanuri language. Its ISO 639-1 code is kr. There are 3 individual language codes assigned in ISO 639-3 for varieties of Kanuri:


    1. knc – Central Kanuri

    2. kby – Manga Kanuri

    3. krt – Tumari Kanuri

    There are 2 other related languages that are not considered part of the macrolanguage under ISO 639:


    1. bms – Bilma Kanuri

    2. kbl – Kanembu

    kln


    kln     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kalenjin language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 9 individual language codes assigned:


    1. eyo – Keiyo

    2. sgc – Kipsigis

    3. enb – Markweeta

    4. niq – Nandi

    5. oki – Okiek

    6. pko – Pökoot

    7. spy – Sabaot

    8. tec – Terik

    9. tuy – Tugen

    kok


    kok     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Konkani macrolanguage. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


    1. gom – Goan Konkani (has official recognition as an independent language)

    2. knn – Maharashtrian Konkani (no official recognition, treated by some linguists as a dialect of Marathi)

    Both languages are referred to as Konkani by their respective speakers.

    kom


    kom     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Komi. Its ISO 639-1 code is kv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. koi – Komi-Permyak

    2. kpv – Komi-Zyrian

    kon


    kon     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kongo. Its ISO 639-1 code is kg. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


    1. kng – Koongo

    2. ldi – Laari

    3. kwy – San Salvador Kongo

    kpe


    kpe     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kpelle language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


    1. gkp – Guinea Kpelle

    2. xpe – Liberia Kpelle

    kur


    kur     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Kurdish. Its ISO 639-1 code is ku. There are 3 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ckb – Central Kurdish

    2. kmr – Northern Kurdish

    3. sdh – Southern Kurdish

    lah


    lah     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Lahnda language. There are 8 individual language codes assigned.


    1. jat – Jakati

    2. xhe – Khetrani

    3. pmu – Mirpur Panjabi

    4. hno – Northern Hindko

    5. phr – Pahari-Potwari

    6. skr – Saraiki

    7. hnd – Southern Hindko

    8. pnb – Western Panjabi

    Note that lah does not include Panjabi/Punjabi (pan).

    lav


    lav     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Latvian. Its ISO 639-1 code is lv. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ltg – Latgalian

    2. lvs – Standard Latvian

    luy


    luy     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Luhya language. With effective from January 14, 2008, there are 14 individual language codes assigned:


    1. bxk – Bukusu

    2. nle – East Nyala

    3. ida – Idakho (Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki)

    4. lkb – Kabras

    5. lko – Khayo

    6. lks – Kisa

    7. rag – Logooli

    8. lri – Marachi

    9. lrm – Marama

    10. nyd – Nyore

    11. lsm – Saamia

    12. lts – Tachoni

    13. lto – Tsotso

    14. lwg – Wanga

    man


    man     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mandingo language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.


    1. emk – Eastern Maninkakan

    2. myq – Forest Maninka

    3. mwk – Kita Maninkakan

    4. mku – Konyanka Maninka

    5. mnk – Mandinka

    6. msc – Sankaran Maninka

    7. mlq – Western Maninkakan

    mlg


    mlg     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malagasy. Its ISO 639-1 code is mg. There are 11–12 individual language codes assigned:


    1. xmv – Antankarana Malagasy

    2. bhr – Bara Malagasy

    3. msh – Masikoro Malagasy

    4. bmm – Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy

    5. plt – Plateau Malagasy

    6. skg – Sakalava Malagasy

    7. bjq – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy (Retired 2011-05-18)

    8. bzc – Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy

    9. tkg – Tesaka Malagasy

    10. tdx – Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy

    11. txy – Tanosy Malagasy

    12. xmw – Tsimihety Malagasy

    mon


    mon     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Mongolian. Its ISO 639-1 code is mn. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. khk – Halh Mongolian

    2. mvf – Peripheral Mongolian

    msa


    msa     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Malay. Its ISO 639-1 code is ms. There are 13 individual language codes assigned:


    1. btj – Bacanese Malay

    2. bve – Berau Malay

    3. bvu – Bukit Malay

    4. coa – Cocos Islands Malay

    5. jax – Jambi Malay

    6. meo – Kedah Malay

    7. mqg – Kota Bangun Kutai Malay

    8. mly – Malay (specific)

    9. xmm – Manado Malay

    10. max – North Moluccan Malay

    11. mfa – Pattani Malay

    12. msi – Sabah Malay

    13. vkt – Tenggarong Kutai Malay

    mwr


    mwr     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Marwari language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.


    1. dhd – Dhundari

    2. rwr – Marwari (India)

    3. mve – Marwari (Pakistan)

    4. wry – Merwari

    5. mtr – Mewari

    6. swv – Shekhawati

    nor


    nor     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Norwegian. Its ISO 639-1 code is no. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. nob – Norwegian Bokmål

    2. nno – Norwegian Nynorsk

    oji


    oji     is the ISO 639-3 language code for the Anishinaabe languages, commonly called the Ojibwe language group. Its ISO 639-1 code is oj. There are 7 individual language codes assigned:


    1. ciw – Chippewa (Ojibwa, Southwestern)

    2. ojb – Ojibwa, Northwestern

    3. ojc – Ojibwa, Central

    4. ojg – Ojibwa, Mississaga (Ojibwa, Eastern)

    5. ojs – Ojibwa, Severn (Ojibwa, Northern)

    6. ojw – Ojibwa, Western

    7. otw – Ottawa

    In addition, there are 3 closely associated individual codes.


    1. alq – Algonquin language (part of the Ojibwe language group but not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

    2. pot – Potawatomi language (formerly part of the Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

    3. crg – Michif language (Cree-French mixed language with strong influences from Ojibwe language group and not included under the oji macrolanguage designation)

    In addition, there are 2 other languages without individual codes closely associated, but not part of, this macrolanguage code.

    1. Broken Ojibwa (pidgin language used until the end of the 19th century)
    2. Bungee language (mixed language of Cree, Ojibwa, French, English, Assiniboine and Scottish Gaelic)
    See also
  • Anishinaabe language dialects

    • orm


    orm     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Oromo language. Its ISO 639-1 code is om. There are 4 individual language codes assigned:


    1. gax – Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo

    2. hae – Eastern Oromo

    3. orc – Orma

    4. gaz – West Central Oromo

    pus


    pus     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Pushto language. Its ISO 639-1 code is ps. There are 3 individual language codes assigned.


    1. pst – Central Pashto

    2. pbu – Northern Pashto

    3. pbt – Southern Pashto

    que


    que     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Quechua languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is qu. As of April 2007 there are 44 individual language codes assigned for Quechua varieties.


    1. qva – Ambo-Pasco Quechua

    2. qxu – Arequipa-La Unión Quechua

    3. quy – Ayacucho Quechua

    4. qvc – Cajamarca Quechua

    5. qvl – Cajatambo North Lima Quechua

    6. qud – Calderón Highland Quichua

    7. qxr – Cañar Highland Quichua

    8. quk – Chachapoyas Quechua

    9. cqu – Chilean Quechua

    10. qug – Chimborazo Highland Quichua

    11. qxc – Chincha Quechua

    12. qxa – Chiquián Ancash Quechua

    13. qwc – Classical Quechua

    14. qwa – Corongo Ancash Quechua

    15. quz – Cusco Quechua

    16. qve – Eastern Apurímac Quechua

    17. qub – Huallaga Huánuco Quechua

    18. qvh – Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua

    19. qwh – Huaylas Ancash Quechua

    20. qvw – Huaylla Wanca Quechua

    21. qvi – Imbabura Highland Quichua

    22. qxw – Jauja Wanca Quechua

    23. quf – Lambayeque Quechua

    24. qvj – Loja Highland Quichua

    25. qvm – Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua

    26. qvo – Napo Lowland Quechua

    27. qul – North Bolivian Quechua

    28. qvn – North Junín Quechua

    29. qxn – Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua

    30. qvz – Northern Pastaza Quechua

    31. qvp – Pacaraos Quechua

    32. qxh – Panao Huánuco Quechua

    33. qxp – Puno Quechua

    34. qxl – Salasaca Highland Quichua

    35. qvs – San Martín Quechua

    36. qxt – Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua

    37. qus – Santiago del Estero Quichua

    38. qws – Sihuas Ancash Quechua

    39. quh – South Bolivian Quechua

    40. qxo – Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua

    41. qup – Southern Pastaza Quechua

    42. quw – Tena Lowland Quichua

    43. qur – Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua

    44. qux – Yauyos Quechua

    raj


    raj     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani language. There are 6 individual language codes assigned.


    1. bgq – Bagri

    2. gda – Gade Lohar

    3. gju – Gujari

    4. hoj – Hadothi

    5. mup – Malvi

    6. wbr – Wagdi

    rom


    rom     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Romany language. There are 7 individual language codes assigned.


    1. rmn – Balkan Romani

    2. rml – Baltic Romani

    3. rmc – Carpathian Romani

    4. rmf – Kalo Finnish Romani

    5. rmo – Sinte Romani

    6. rmy – Vlax Romani

    7. rmw – Welsh Romani

    In addition, there are 8 individual codes not part of this macrolanguage but they are categorized as mixed languages.


    1. rge – Romano-Greek

    2. rmd – Traveller Danish

    3. rme – Angloromani

    4. rmg – Traveller Norwegian

    5. rmi – Lomavren

    6. rmr – Caló

    7. rmu – Tavringer Romani

    8. rsb – Romano-Serbian

    In addition, there is a language without an individual code assigned, which it is not part of this macrolanguage.

    1. Erromintxela (Basque-Romani mix)

    sqi


    sqi     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Albanian. Its ISO 639-1 code is sq. As of June 2006 there are 4 individual language codes assigned for Albanian languages:


    1. aae – Arbëreshë Albanian

    2. aat – Arvanitika Albanian

    3. aln – Gheg Albanian

    4. als – Tosk Albanian

    srd


    srd     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Sardinian language. Its ISO 639-1 code is sc. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.


    1. sro – Campidanese

    2. sdn – Gallurese

    3. src – Logudorese

    4. sdc – Sassarese

    swa


    swa     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Swahili. Its ISO 639-1 code is sw. There are 2 individual language codes assigned:


    1. swc – Congo Swahili

    2. swh – Swahili

    syr


    syr     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Syriac language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


    1. aii – Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

    2. cld – Chaldean Neo-Aramaic

    tmh


    tmh     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Tamashek language. There are 4 individual language codes assigned.


    1. thv – Tahaggart Tamahaq

    2. taq – Tamasheq

    3. ttq – Tawallammat Tamajaq

    4. thz – Tayart Tamajeq

    uzb


    uzb     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Uzbek language. Its ISO 639-1 code is uz. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


    1. uzn – Northern Uzbek language

    2. uzs – Southern Uzbek language

    yid


    yid     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Yiddish language. Its ISO 639-1 code is yi. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


    1. ydd – Eastern Yiddish

    2. yih – Western Yiddish

    zap


    zap     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zapotec language. There are 57 individual language codes assigned.


    1. zaq – Aloápam Zapotec

    2. zpo – Amatlán Zapotec

    3. zoo – Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec

    4. zaf – Ayoquesco Zapotec

    5. zad – Cajonos Zapotec

    6. zpv – Chichicapan Zapotec

    7. zpc – Choapan Zapotec

    8. zca – Coatecas Altas Zapotec

    9. zps – Coatlán Zapotec

    10. zpp – El Alto Zapotec

    11. zte – Elotepec Zapotec

    12. zpg – Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec

    13. ztu – Güilá Zapotec

    14. zai – Isthmus Zapotec

    15. zpa – Lachiguiri Zapotec

    16. zpl – Lachixío Zapotec

    17. ztl – Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec

    18. ztp – Loxicha Zapotec

    19. zpy – Mazaltepec Zapotec

    20. zam – Miahuatlán Zapotec

    21. zaw – Mitla Zapotec

    22. zpm – Mixtepec Zapotec

    23. zac – Ocotlán Zapotec

    24. zao – Ozolotepec Zapotec

    25. zpe – Petapa Zapotec

    26. zpj – Quiavicuzas Zapotec

    27. ztq – Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec

    28. zar – Rincón Zapotec

    29. ztm – San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec

    30. zpx – San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec

    31. zab – San Juan Guelavía Zapotec

    32. zpf – San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec

    33. zpt – San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec

    34. ztn – Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec

    35. zpn – Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec

    36. zpi – Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec

    37. zpr – Santiago Xanica Zapotec

    38. zas – Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec

    39. zaa – Sierra de Juárez Zapotec

    40. zpd – Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec

    41. zsr – Southern Rincon Zapotec

    42. zat – Tabaa Zapotec

    43. ztt – Tejalapan Zapotec

    44. zpz – Texmelucan Zapotec

    45. zts – Tilquiapan Zapotec

    46. zpk – Tlacolulita Zapotec

    47. zph – Totomachapan Zapotec

    48. zax – Xadani Zapotec

    49. ztg – Xanaguía Zapotec

    50. zpu – Yalálag Zapotec

    51. zae – Yareni Zapotec

    52. zty – Yatee Zapotec

    53. zav – Yatzachi Zapotec

    54. zpb – Yautepec Zapotec

    55. ztx – Zaachila Zapotec

    56. zpw – Zaniza Zapotec

    57. zpq – Zoogocho Zapotec

    In addition, there is an individual code not part of this macrolanguage because it is categorized as a historical language.


    1. xzp – Ancient Zapotec

    zha


    zha     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zhuang languages. Its ISO 639-1 code is za. There are 16 individual language codes assigned.


    1. zch – Central Hongshuihe Zhuang

    2. zhd – Dai Zhuang

    3. zeh – Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang

    4. zgb – Guibei Zhuang

    5. zgn – Guibian Zhuang

    6. zln – Lianshan Zhuang

    7. zlj – Liujiang Zhuang

    8. zlq – Liuqian Zhuang

    9. zgm – Minz Zhuang

    10. zhn – Nong Zhuang

    11. zqe – Qiubei Zhuang

    12. zyg – Yang Zhuang

    13. zyb – Yongbei Zhuang

    14. zyn – Yongnan Zhuang

    15. zyj – Youjiang Zhuang

    16. zzj – Zuojiang Zhuang

    zho


    zho     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Chinese. Its ISO 639-1 code is zh. There are 13 individual language codes assigned, some with their own dialects:


    1. cdo – Min Dong
    2. (standardized form: Fuzhou dialect)

    3. cjy – Jin

    4. cmn – Mandarin
    5. Standard Chinese
    6. Beijing dialect

    7. cpx – Puxian Min

    8. czh – Huizhou

    9. czo – Min Zhong

    10. gan – Gan

    11. hak – Hakka

    12. hsn – Xiang

    13. mnp – Min Bei

    14. nan – Min Nan
    15. Hokkien
    16. Amoy
    17. Quanzhou
    18. Zhangzhou
    19. Taiwanese
    20. Penang Hokkien
    21. Medan Hokkien
    22. Chaoshan
    23. Teochew
    24. Swatow
    25. Qiongwen

    26. wuu – Wu

    27. yue – Yue (Cantonese)
    28. Guangzhou dialect
    29. Taishan dialect

    Although the Dungan language (
    dng) is considered most closely related to Mandarin, it is not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 due to separate historical and cultural development.

    ISO 639 also lists codes for Old Chinese (
    och), Late Middle Chinese (
    ltc), and Classical Chinese (
    lzh). They are not listed under Chinese in ISO 639-3 because they are categorized as ancient and historical languages, respectively.

    See also
  • List of varieties of Chinese
  • Varieties of Chinese

    • zza


    zza     is the ISO 639-3 language code for Zaza language. There are 2 individual language codes assigned.


    1. diq – Dimli

    2. kiu – Kirmanjki

    References

    ISO 639 macrolanguage Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA