Puneet Varma (Editor)

Hypnale nepa

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Kingdom
  
Suborder
  
Serpentes

Subfamily
  
Crotalinae

Scientific name
  
Hypnale nepa

Higher classification
  
Hypnale

Order
  
Scaled reptiles

Subphylum
  
Vertebrata

Family
  
Viperidae

Genus
  
Hypnale

Phylum
  
Chordata

Rank
  
Species

Hypnale nepa httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommonsthu

Similar
  
Hypnale, Hypnale hypnale, Hypnale zara, Scaled reptiles, Porthidium hespere
Common names: Sri Lankan hump-nosed viper.

Hypnale nepa is a venomous pitviper species endemic to Sri Lanka where it is known as මූකලන් තෙලිස්සා (mukalan thelissa) in Sinhala. Earlier thought that Hypnale walli and Hypnale nepa were two distinct species, but it is now accepted that it is the same species and Hypnale walli is a synonym name. Relatively small, they are distinguished by a strongly upturned snout. No subspecies are currently recognized.

Contents

Description

Adults grow to a total length of 30–35 cm (11 3413 34 in). According to Wall (1921), the maximum recorded lengths are for a male of 38.7 cm (15 14 in) and a female of 38.1 cm (15.0 in). According to Deraniyagala (1955), the largest specimen in the Colombo museum was 39.2 cm (15 12 in) in total length with a tail measuring 5.9 cm (2 14 in). In general, the tail is 13-18% of total body length. The body is moderately slender with a head that is conspicuously distinct from the neck.

This species is distinguished from H. hypnale by a snout that has a strongly upturned tip. This is due to an extended rostral scale, which is immediately followed by a raised wart-like hump covered with 7-14 very small scales. Also, the hemipenes have clearly visible spines.

The scalation includes 17 rows of dorsal scales at midbody that are weakly keeled or smooth, 124-142 ventral scales, and 33-41 subcaudal scales.

The color pattern consists of a light brown to dark brown to pale olive ground color, flecked and mottled with darker tones. This is overlaid with a series of 17-26 dorsolateral suboval or subtriangular brown blotches that alternate or oppose each other middorsally. These blotches are 3-4 scales wide and extend down to the third scale row. The top of the head is brown and usually lacks any pattern except for a black postorbital stripe that extends to the neck.

Geographic range

Hypnale nepa is found in Sri Lanka throughout forested areas, from lowland rainforest to over 1,800 m (5,900 ft) altitude. The type locality given is "Africa." An obvious error, this was amended to "Sri Lanka" by Hoge and Romano-Hoge (1981).

References

Hypnale nepa Wikipedia


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