7.6 /10 1 Votes
Original title Как закалялась сталь Publisher Young Guard (serial) | 3.8/5 Goodreads Originally published 1934 Genre Novel | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Publication date 1932–1934 (serial) – 1936 (book) Adaptations How the Steel Was Tempered (1975), Pavel Korchagin (1956), How the Steel Was Tempered (1942) Novels The Gadfly, And Quiet Flows the Don, Twenty Thousand Leagues, Heart, Robinson Crusoe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
waane pannaraya lebu heti how the steel was tempered 1942 soviet movie nikolai ostrovsky
How the Steel Was Tempered (Russian: Как закалялась сталь, Kak zakalyalas' stal') is a socialist realist novel written by Nikolai Ostrovsky (1904–1936). Pavel ("Pavka") Korchagin is the central character.
Contents
Analysis
The story is a fictionalized autobiography. In real life, Ostrovsky's father died, and his mother worked as a cook. As he joined the war with the Red Army, he lost his right eye from artillery fire during the war.
Characters
Publication history
The first part of How the Steel was Tempered was published serially in 1932 in the magazine Young Guard. The second part of the novel appeared in the same magazine from January to May, 1934. The novel was published in 1936 in book form in a heavily edited version that conformed to the rules of socialist realism. In the serial version Ostrovsky had described the tense atmosphere of Pavel's home, his suffering when he became an invalid, the deterioration of his relationship with his wife, and their separation. All of this disappeared in the 1936 publication and in later editions of the novel.
A Japanese translation of the novel was made by Ryokichi Sugimoto, who was sentenced to death as a "spy" after illegally crossing the border of the USSR together with his wife, the famous actress Yoshiko Okada, in the hope of meeting Vsevolod Meyerhold and participating in outbuilding of the socialist theater.
Adaptations
In the Soviet Union, three films were produced based on this novel:
In China, the novel was adapted into a television series of the same title in 2000; all the members of the cast were from Ukraine.