Houlihan or O'Houlihan (Irish: Ó hUallacháin; feminine Ní Uallacháin) is a surname of Irish Gaelic origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Adam Houlihan (born 1978), former Australian rules footballerChristopher Houlihan (born 1987), American concert organistCon Houlihan (1925–2012), Irish sportswriterDamian Houlihan (born 1975), former Australian rules footballerGerard Houlihan, Irish retired Gaelic footballerJim Houlihan (1898–1967), Irish sportspersonJoan Houlihan, American poetJohn C. Houlihan (1910–1986), the 43rd mayor of Oakland, CaliforniaMike Houlihan (born 1969), retired Irish sportspersonPat Houlihan (1929–2006), English snooker playerPatrick Houlihan (1889–1963), Irish politicianRyan Houlihan (born 1982), Australian rules footballerTim Houlihan (born 1989), Australian rules footballerTimmy Houlihan (born 1982), Irish sportsperson