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The history of rail transport in Austria began with the Reisszug, a private funicular serving the Fortress of Salzburg. Built at the end of the 15th century and first documented in 1515, it is the oldest known funicular in the world, and possibly the oldest existing railway line.
Overview
In 1837, following the construction of several horse tramways, the Nordbahn line (Vienna-Břeclav) was opened. The Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways, a company serving the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary, was created in 1884 and in 1923, some years after the dissolution of the empire, the national company "BBÖ" (now known as the "ÖBB") was founded.
References
History of rail transport in Austria Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA