Hiram C. Whitley

Early life

Whitley was born in Camden, Maine on August 6, 1834 to Dr William Whitley, a Glasgow-born doctor and surgeon, and Hannah D. McCoombs, a Maine local. In 1840, his family moved to Lake County, Ohio, where he became a pupil at the Western Reserve Teachers' Seminary, a Mormon teaching school in Kirtland.

Leaving school at the age of fifteen, he became a drover for two years, after which he moved to Massachusetts where he worked for his uncle in the fishing industry at Gloucester. In 1856, Whitley married Catherine Webster (Katie) Bates of Cambridge; they subsequently had two daughters, Katie and Sabra. The following year, the Whitleys moved to the recently founded Lawrence, Kansas, where he worked in the grocery trade. In 1859, being drawn to Pike's Peak Gold Rush, Whitley sold out of his grocery business and moved to Colorado, where he failed to strike gold. Moving on, the Whitleys settled in New Orleans, with Whitley working the Red River as a steamboatman.

Civil War

In the year from April 1861, when the Civil War commenced, through to April 1862, Whitley continued to work the Red River. He professed some sympathy for the Confederacy, and drilled with local companies without seeing active service. He was on the Starlight at Shreveport, 700 miles (1,100 km) from New Orleans when it was seized by a Confederate committee, who aimed to use it to blockade the river against Yankee forces. Having heard of the Union Army's April 25 capture of New Orleans, Whitley, the "mulatto" second cook, and another "liberty loving African", stole the steamer's yawl. Travelling mainly by night, they reached New Orleans in seven days.^,

There, Whitley reported to Major General B.F. Butler. Butler referred him to the provost-marshal of the Department of the Gulf, Colonel Jonas H. French, who employed Whitley as a detective.

Whitley declined an offer of a captaincy in the Fifth Louisiana Regiment by the General in charge of New Orleans's defence, William H. Emory. Instead, he was appointed as a Major in the Seventh Louisiana Regiment.

U.S. Secret Service

Whitley was appointed Director of the United States Secret Service by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1869, four years after its inception. Under Whitley, the Secret Service introduced criminal files, a written Code of Conduct, and an official badge for its agents. Whitley directed anti-Klan activity at the behest of President Grant.

He was arrested as an alleged part of the so-called safe burglary conspiracy.

Later life

He retired to Emporia, Kansas where he became a leading businessman.

Whitley died aged 84 in Emporia on April 19, 1919, from an "inflammation of the bladder".

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