Years of service 1903–45 Service/branch German Army | Name Hermann Reinecke Rank General der Infanterie | |
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Born 14 February 1888
Wittenberg ( 1888-02-14 ) Allegiance German Empire (to 1918)
Weimar Republic (to 1933)
Nazi Germany Commands held Chief of National Socialist Leadership Staff OKW Battles/wars World War I
World War II Awards Iron Cross, 1st class
Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918 Died October 10, 1973, Hamburg, Germany | ||
Battles and wars World War I, World War II | ||
Herman Reinecke (14 February 1888 – 10 October 1973) was a general of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht and convicted war criminal during World War II. As head of the General Office of the Armed Forces, he was responsible for the creation and implementation of the POW policy that resulted in the deaths of approx. 3.3 million Soviet prisoners of war.
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Military career
He joined the German Imperial Army as a cadet in March 1905. In August 1906 he was promoted to lieutenant in the 3rd Hanoverian infantry regiment "von Voigts-Rhetz" No. 79. He served throughout World War I during which he was awarded the Iron Cross first and second class and he was promoted to captain in 1916. He then continued his military service in the Reichswehr with the Army Office of Administration, an infantry regiment and the Reich Defence Ministry in Berlin and was promoted to major in 1929. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1933 and colonel in the Wehrmacht office in 1935, providing political training on behalf of the Nazi leadership.
In January 1939 Reinecke was promoted to major general as head of an office in the OKW and appointed head of the General Office of the Armed Forces at OKW (Allgemeines Wehrmachtamt, AWA) in August 1940. Reinecke was also head of the office for the NSFO (Nationalsozialistische Führungsoffiziere), which consisted of Nazi officers charged with political propaganda in the Wehrmacht. Major Karl August Meinel was shifted into the Führerreserve on 1 August 1942, because on 13 January 1942 he wrote a critical report to Hermann Reinecke on the segregation and execution of Russian prisoners of war in prison camp Stalag VII A by the Gestapo and the Sicherheitsdienst SD (security service) of the Reichsführer SS (Heinrich Himmler).
In 1942 Reinecke was promoted to General of the Infantry. Following the 20 July plot coup attempt Joseph Goebbels tasked him with retaking the Bendlerblock, and he was then an assessor on the judging panel at the People's Court trials of the conspirators.
Trial and conviction
In the High Command Trial at the Nuremberg Trials after World War II, Reinecke was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity. As head of the General Office of the Armed Forces, he was responsible for creation and implementation of the POW policy that resulted in the deaths of approx. 3.3 million Soviet prisoners of war. The judgement of the International Military Tribunal states refers to 8 September 1941, regulations for the treatment of Soviet prisoners of war in all prisoner of war camps, signed by General Reinecke, the head of the prisoner of war department of the High Command. These orders stated:
"The Bolshevist soldier has therefore lost all claim to treatment as an honourable opponent, in accordance with the Geneva Convention (...) The order for ruthless and energetic action must be given at the slightest indication of insubordination, especially in the case of Bolshevist fanatics. Insubordination, active or passive resistance, must be broken immediately by force of arms (bayonets, butts and firearms) . . . Anyone carrying out the order who does not use his weapons, or does so with insufficient energy, is punishable (...) Prisoners of war attempting escape are to be fired on without previous challenge. No warning shot must ever be fired.... The use of arms against prisoners of war is as a rule legal."
Reinecke was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was released, however, in October 1954.