Nationality French Name Henry Berenger | Role French Politician | |
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Born 22 April 1867 ( 1867-04-22 ) Rugles, France Occupation Politician and diplomat Died May 18, 1952, Saint-Raphael, France | ||
Henry Bérenger (22 April 1867 – 18 May 1952) was a French writer and politician who was an influential Senator from 1912 until 1945, sitting on committees on Finance and Foreign Affairs. He was France's ambassador to the United States from 1926 to 1927.
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Early years
Bérenger was born on 22 April 1867 in Rugles, Eure and was educated at the college at Dinan, the Lycee of Coutances, the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris and the Sorbonne, where he obtained a B.A. He won an open competition in philosophy.
In 1891, Bérenger published a noted study of Lavisse. In the 1890s, he published poems inspired by Gabriele D'Annunzio in the journals l'Ermitage and La Conque. He was leader of a group called "Art and Life" that discussed subjects like symbolism, free thought, spirituality and socialism. He published several books, wrote in La Dépêche de Toulouse and, in 1903, founded the journal L'Action.
He soon left L'Action and became in turn director of Le Siècle (1908) and Paris-Midi (1911).
Political career
Bérenger won a seat in the Senate for Guadeloupe on 7 January 1912 and held it until 1945. He was a Radical Socialist and joined the Democratic Left.
He joined the Commission for Algeria. World War I began in July 1914. The next month, Bérenger proposed a law to regulate the press in wartime.
He was a member of the Commission for economic organization of the country and, in 1917, submitted a bill for a law for civil mobilization and the organisation of labour.
He was appointed Commissioner General for Gasoline and Combustibles on 21 August 1918 in the government of Georges Clemenceau and retained that position in the government of Alexandre Millerand. He resigned on 23 September 1920.
His policies ensured that France received 22.5% of the oil of Mosul and influenced development of the French refining industry.
In 1921, Bérenger was a member of the Finance Committee and the main mover for the law on control of expenses. He was elected rapporteur général and held the position until 1926, increasing the influence of the committee in managing finance He was appointed to the Foreign Affairs Committee in 1924.
In August 1925, he was a parliamentary delegate on the Joseph Caillaux mission that went to Washington, D.C., to address the issue of debt between the Allies. In 1926 Aristide Briand appointed Bérenger Ambassador to the United States. His negotiations led to the Mellon-Berenger Agreement for settling war debts. His collected speeches and articles on the subject were published in 1933.
He continued to be involved in belles-lettres by publishing articles in the Revue des deux Mondes and the Revue de Paris and directing the periodical Actualités.
Bérenger returned to France in 1928 and was charged by the Finance Committee with a report on the Foreign Affairs budget. As Vice-President of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, on 12 November 1931, he with Joseph Caillaux, questioned the government on the relationship between France and the Soviet Union. Soon afterward, he was President of the Foreign Affairs Committee until 1939.
On 21 September 1932, he was appointed nominal delegate of France to the League of Nations. Although hostile to fascism, he advocated neutrality regarding the Spanish Civil War. He became increasingly outspoken against the regimes of Hitler and Mussolini.
Under the first government of Léon Blum (in office 4 June 1936 – 22 June 1937), Théodore Steeg was appointed head of a commission to study socio-economic conditions in the French colonial empire. The North African sub-committee included other leading figures such as Paul Reynaud, Charles-André Julien and Paul Rivet. Meeting on 8 July 1937, it decided to focus on labour conditions in the Maghreb. They were too late to prevent the escalation of widespread and violent labour unrest in the region, which was violently suppressed.
Bérenger represented France as the principal delegate at the Évian Conference in July 1938, organised to solve the problem of Jewish refugees from Germany. After the Munich Agreement, he intervened with Georges Bonnet, Minister for Foreign Affairs, with the hope of now obtaining a resolution of the Jewish issue, but Hitler remained adamant. In June 1940, he abstained from voting over the delegation of powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain.
He retired to Saint-Raphaël, Var, where he died on 18 May 1952. He was an Officer of the Legion of Honor.
Work
Works included: