Nationality Iranian Name Hasan Nazih Alma mater University of Tehran Role Political leader | Occupation Lawyer Died 2012, Paris, France Years active 1950s - 2000s Education University of Tehran | |
Born 1921 Tabriz | ||
Hasan Nazih (1921 - September 2012) was an Iranian civil rights lawyer and politician. He was one of the leaders at the initial phase of the Islamic regime in Iran.
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Early life and education
Nazih was born in Tabriz in 1921. However, there is another report giving his birth year as 1920. He held a law degree, which he received from the University of Tehran in 1944. Until 1953 he attended the University of Geneva for doctoral study in law, but he returned to Iran without completing his study.
Political activities and career
After graduation Nazih served as a judge in Iran for four years before pursuing his graduate studies at the University of Geneva which he did not complete, and therefore, he returned to Iran in 1953. He was one of the central council members of the National Resistance Movement and a supporter of then prime minister Mohammad Mosaddegh during the 1950s. He joined the foundation of the Liberation Movement of Iran or Freedom Movement, which was led by Mahdi Bazargan, in 1961. Nazih founded the Association of Iranian Jurists and served as its director from 1966 to 1978. He was one of the lawyers of Seyyed Mahmoud Taleghani together with Ahmad Sayyed Javadi in 1977. The same year Nazih significantly contributed to the formation of the first committee for the defense of human rights in Iran.
He was also among the prominent figures who supported the 1979 revolution. However, he did not support the Assembly of Experts that drafted Iran's new constitution. On the other hand, he was appointed by then prime minister Mahdi Bazargan as head of the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) on 17 February 1979. Nazih was a critic of Ayatollah Khomenei and stated on 28 May that the Ayatollah's remarks on labelling on those who opposed to the religious leadership enemies of the revolution were not acceptable.
The members of the Revolutionary Council, Mohammad Beheshti and Mohammad Mofatteh, argued that since Nazih criticised Khomeini with this statement, he should be sacked. In addition, Ayatollah Khomeini's son-in-law Shahabuddin Eshraqi initiated a campaign against him in July 1979. They accused Nazih of being a CIA agent. On 28 September 1979, Nazih was relieved from office by prime minister and also, forced underground. Nazih announced that he wanted to be tried by a panel, including Mahdi Bazargan and Khomeini. Ali Akbar Moinfar, who would also become the first oil minister, succeeded Nazih as the head of the NIOC. Later the case against Nazih was dropped by the prosecution.
Exile
Nazih fled Iran and settled in France in autumn 1979, and there he took refuge. He also left the Freedom Movement in 1979. In exile, he formed the Front for the National Sovereignty of Iran in 1983. Later he headed the Council for the Preparation of a Transition Government in Iran, which had been formed in Germany in 1992. The group launched a publication with the editorship of Nazih in Germany.
Death
In his later years, Nazih suffered from Alzheimer's disease and died in Paris in September 2012.