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Harpactirinae

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Kingdom
  
Animalia

Infraorder
  
Mygalomorphae

Phylum
  
Arthropoda

Rank
  
Subfamily

Subphylum
  
Chelicerata

Scientific name
  
Harpactirinae

Higher classification
  
Tarantula

Order
  
Spider


Lower classifications
  
Pterinochilus murinus, Ceratogyrus darlingi, Straight Horned Baboon

Harpactirinae (commonly called baboon spiders) are a subfamily of tarantulas which are native to the continent of Africa. Like many Old World tarantulas, they have a relatively strong venom, and can inflict a painful bite; however most baboon spiders are not considered dangerous to humans.

Contents

Description

Harpactirinae are ground-dwelling spiders which build silk-lined burrows, often under debris such as stones, using their fangs and chelicerae for digging. Habitats include savanna woodlands, grasslands, and dry scrublands.

Systematics

The following genera and species are present in Harpactirinae. In addition, the genus Brachionopus (Pocock, 1897) has been suggested for placement in this sub-family, but its taxonomy is currently disputed.

Augacephalus (Gallon, 2002)
Type species: Augacephalus breyeri

In synonymy:
Augacephalus nigrifemur (Schmidt, 1995) = Augacephalus junodi

  • Augacephalus breyeri (Hewitt, 1919) — Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland
  • Augacephalus ezendami (Gallon, 2001) — Mozambique, the Mozambique Gold[en] Baboon, Mozambique Half Moon Baboon
  • Augacephalus junodi (Simon, 1904) — East, South Africa, the [East African] Bushveld Golden Brown Featherleg Baboon

    • Bacillochilus (Gallon, 2010) [Monotypic]

  • Bacillochilus xenostridulans (Gallon, 2010) — Angola

    • Brachionopus (Pocock, 1897)
    To quote Platnick's World Spider Catalog v. 12.5, "N.B.: transferred here from the Barychelidae by Raven, 1985a: 112; Brachyonopus is an unjustified emendation; Raven's transfer was not accepted by Charpentier, 1993: 5 or Schmidt, 2002a: 12 and 2008: 3, who nevertheless identified no close relatives of the genus among the known barychelids; Gallon, 2002: 204 argued for its inclusion in the Barychelidae but indicated that it "does not fit in any current barychelid subfamily" but later (Gallon, 2010b: 79) considered it a harpactirine.".

    In other words, its taxonomy is in dispute and the many recent workers do not consider it a theraphosid. All are found in South Africa.

  • Brachionopus annulatus (Purcell, 1903)
  • Brachionopus leptopelmiformis (Strand, 1907)
  • Brachionopus pretoriae (Purcell, 1904)
  • Brachionopus robustus (Pocock, 1897)
  • Brachionopus tristis (Purcell, 1903)

    • Ceratogyrus (Pocock, 1897) [Senior synonym of Coelogenium Purcell, 1902]
    Type species: Ceratogyrus darlingi

    Transferred to other genera:
    Ceratogyrus ezendami → Augacephalus ezendami
    Ceratogyrus nigrifemur → Augacephalus nigrifemur
    Ceratogyrus raveni (Smith, 1990) → Pterinochilus chordatus

    In synonymy:
    Ceratogyrus bechuanicus (Purcell, 1902) and Ceratogyrus schultzei (Purcell, 1908) = Ceratogyrus darlingi
    Ceratogyrus cornuatus (De Wet & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991) = Ceratogyrus marshalli

  • Ceratogyrus brachycephalus (Hewitt, 1919) — Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, the [Botswanan] Greater Horned Baboon
  • Ceratogyrus darlingi (Pocock, 1897) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique, the [Zimbabwean, African] Rear Horned Baboon, Curved Horn Baboon
  • Ceratogyrus dolichocephalus (Hewitt, 1919) — Zimbabwe
  • Ceratogyrus hillyardi (Smith, 1990) — Malawi
  • Ceratogyrus marshalli (Pocock, 1897) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique, the [Zimbabwean] Straight Horned Baboon
  • Ceratogyrus meridionalis (Hirst, 1907) — Malawi, Mozambique, the [Malawian], Zimbabwe{an} Gray Baboon
  • Ceratogyrus paulseni (Gallon, 2005) — Republic of South Africa
  • Ceratogyrus pillansi (Purcell, 1902) — Zimbabwe, Mozambique
  • Ceratogyrus sanderi (Strand, 1906) — Namibia, Zimbabwe, the [Namibian] Sandy Horned Baboon

    • Eucratoscelus (Pocock, 1898)
    Type species: Eucratoscelus constrictus

    Transferred to other genera:
    Eucratoscelus tenuitibialis (Schmidt & Gelling, 2000) → Pterinochilus lugardi

    In synonymy:
    Eucratoscelus longiceps (Pocock, 1898) and Eucratoscelus spinifer = Eucratoscelus constrictus

  • Eucratoscelus constrictus (Gerstäcker, 1873) — Kenya, Tanzania
  • Eucratoscelus pachypus (Schmidt & Von Wirth, 1990) — Tanzania

    • Harpactira (Ausserer, 1871)
    Type species: Harpactira atra

  • Harpactira atra (Latreille, 1832) — South Africa
  • Harpactira baviana (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
  • Harpactira cafreriana (Walckenaer, 1837) — South Africa
  • Harpactira chrysogaster (Pocock, 1897) — South Africa
  • Harpactira curator (Pocock, 1898) — South Africa
  • Harpactira curvipes (Pocock, 1897) — South Africa
  • Harpactira dictator (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
  • Harpactira gigas (Pocock, 1898) — South Africa
  • Harpactira guttata (Strand, 1907) — South Africa
  • Harpactira hamiltoni (Pocock, 1902) — South Africa
  • Harpactira lineata (Pocock, 1897) — South Africa
  • Harpactira lyrata (Simon, 1892) — South Africa
  • Harpactira marksi (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
  • Harpactira namaquensis (Purcell, 1902) — Namibia, South Africa
  • Harpactira pulchripes (Pocock, 1901) — South Africa, the [South African] Golden Blue Leg{ged} Baboon, Slate Gray Leg(ged) Baboon
  • Harpactira tigrina (Ausserer, 1875) — South Africa

    • Harpactirella (Purcell, 1902) [Senior synonym of Luphocemus {Denis, 1960}]
    Type species: Harpactirella treleaveni

    Transferred to other genera:
    Harpactirella flavipilosa (Lawrence, 1936) → Pterinochilus lugardi
    Harpactirella latithorax (Strand, 1908) → Euathlus vulpinus
    Harpactirella leleupi (Benoit, 1965) → Idiothele nigrofulva

  • Harpactirella domicola (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella helenae (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella insidiosa (Denis, 1960) — Morocco (Dubious)
  • Harpactirella karrooica (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella lapidaria (Purcell, 1908) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella lightfooti (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella longipes (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella magna (Purcell, 1903) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella overdijki'' (Gallon, 2010) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella schwarzi (Purcell, 1904) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella spinosa (Purcell, 1908) — South Africa
  • Harpactirella treleaveni (Purcell, 1902) — South Africa

    • Idiothele (Hewitt, 1919)
    Type species: Idiothele nigrofulva

    In synonymy:
    Idiothele crassispina (Purcell, 1902) and Idiothele leleupi (Benoit, 1965) = Idiothele nigrofulva

  • Idiothele mira (Gallon, 2010) - South Africa, the South African Blue Footed Trapdoor Baboon
  • Idiothele nigrofulva (Pocock, 1898) — Southern Africa

    • Pterinochilus (Pocock, 1897) [Senior synonym of Pterinochilides {Strand, 1920}]
    Type species: Pterinochilus vorax

    Transferred to other genera:
    Pterinochilus breyeri → Augacephalus breyeri
    Pterinochilus constrictus and Pterinochilus spinifer → Eucratoscelus constrictus
    Pterinochilus crassispinus and Pterinochilus nigrofulvus → Idiothele nigrofulva
    Pterinochilus junodi and Pterinochilus nigrifemur → Augacephalus junodi
    Pterinochilus meridionalis → Ceratogyrus meridionalis
    Pterinochilus schoenlandi → Trichognathella schoenlandi

    In synonymy:
    Pterinochilus affinis (Tullgren, 1910), Pterinochilus brunellii (Caporiacco, 1940), Pterinochilus carnivorus (Strand, 1917), Pterinochilus raptor (Strand, 1906), Pterinochilus raveni (Smith, 1990), Pterinochilus sjostedti (Tullgren, 1910), and Pterinochilus widenmanni (Strand, 1906) = Pterinochilus chordatus
    Pterinochilus flavipilosus (Lawrence, 1936), Pterinochilus pluridentatus (Hewitt, 1919), and Pterinochilus tenuitibialis = Pterinochilus lugardi
    Pterinochilus hindei (Hirst, 1907), Pterinochilus leetzi (Schmidt, 2002), and Pterinochilus mamillatus (Strand, 1906) = Pterinochilus murinus
    Pterinochilus mutus (Strand, 1920), Pterinochilus obenbergeri (Strand, 1920), and Pterinochilus occidentalis (Strand, 1920) = Pterinochilus simoni

  • Pterinochilus alluaudi (Berland, 1914) — Kenya
  • Pterinochilus andrewsmithi (Gallon, 2009) — Northwestern Kenya
  • Pterinochilus chordatus (Gerstäcker, 1873) — East Africa, the Kilimanjaro Mustard Baboon
  • Pterinochilus cryptus (Gallon, 2008) — Angola
  • Pterinochilus lapalala (Gallon & Engelbrecht, 2011) — Waterberg mountains of Limpopo Province, South Africa
  • Pterinochilus lugardi (Pocock, 1900) — Eastern and Southern Africa, the Dodoma Fort Hall Baboon
  • Pterinochilus murinus (Pocock, 1897) — Angola, Central, Eastern, Southern Africa, the Usumbara Orange Baboon, Mombasa Golden Starburst [Baboon], "OBT"
  • Pterinochilus raygabrieli (Gallon, 2009) — Southcentral Kenya
  • Pterinochilus simoni (Berland, 1917) — Angola, Congo
  • Pterinochilus vorax (Pocock, 1897) — Angola, Central, East Africa

    • Trichognathella (Gallon, 2004) [Monotypic?]

  • Trichognathella schoenlandi (Pocock, 1900) — South Africa

    • References

    Harpactirinae Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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