Rahul Sharma (Editor)

Haplopteris

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Kingdom
  
Plantae

Class
  
Polypodiopsida

Family
  
Pteridaceae

Division
  
Pteridophyta

Order
  
Polypodiales

Subfamily
  
Vittarioideae

Similar
  
Monogramma, Antrophyum, Vittaria

Haplopteris is a genus of vittarioid ferns, a member of subfamily Vittarioideae and family Pteridaceae.

Contents

Description

Like other vittarioids, the members of Haplopteris are epiphytes. The rhizome has a distinct upper and lower side, lacking radial symmetry, a characteristic that separates it from Radiovittaria. Leaves are borne in two ranks in a single plane, and are usually simple, occasionally forked. The leaves have a distinct costa (midrib). Most species have netlike leaf veins which form two rows of areolae (the "gaps" in the net) on either side of the midline; two species bear a single leaf vein only. The linear sori, in most species, are confined to a commissural vein (paralleling the edge of the leaf margin and set just back from it, joining the ends of the netted veins); in the two species with a single vein, the sori follow that vein. The sori bear paraphyses (minute hairs) with a cell at the tip shaped like an inverted cone, separating it from Vittaria sensu stricto, with slender paraphyses.

Taxonomy

The genus was first described by Carl Borivoj Presl in 1836, separating it from Pteris sensu Bory. He named it Haplopteris, from the Greek words for "simple" and "fern", in token of the simple fronds typical of the genus. He placed it in tribe Adiantaceae rather than Vittariaceae, although he recognized the similarity of the venation to Vittaria. Presl transferred Bory's Pteris scolopendrina to the genus as the type species.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the type species of Monogramma is embedded in Haplopteris. Since the name Monogramma has taxonomic priority over Haplopteris, a proposal to reject Monogramma in favor of Haplopteris has been put forth to conserve the name and comparatively stable circumscription of Haplopteris.

Distribution

About ten species are native to tropical Africa and the Indian Ocean, while the rest are found in tropical Asia and the Pacific.

Species

Schuettpelz et al. estimated the genus to contain about 40 species. The bulk of them were transferred out of Vittaria by Edmund H. Crane in 1998. 34 have currently been named:

  • Haplopteris alternans (Copel.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen
  • Haplopteris amboinensis (Fée) X.C.Zhang
  • Haplopteris anguste-elongata (Hayata) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris angustifolia (Blume) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris angustissima (Holttum) S.Linds.
  • Haplopteris dareicarpa (Hook.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen
  • Haplopteris doniana (Mett. ex Hieron.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris elongata (Sw.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris ensiformis (Sw.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris flexuosa (Fée) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris forrestiana (Ching) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris fudzinoi (Makino) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris guineensis (Desv.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris hainanensis (C.Chr.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris heterophylla C.W.Chen, Y.H.Chang & Yea C.Liu
  • Haplopteris himalayensis (Ching) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris hirta (Fée) S.Linds.
  • Haplopteris humblotii (Hieron.) S.Linds. & C.W.Chen
  • Haplopteris linearifolia (Ching) X.C.Zhang
  • Haplopteris longicoma (Christ) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris malayensis (Holttum) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris mediosora (Hayata) X.C.Zhang
  • Haplopteris modesta (Hand.-Mazz.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris owariensis (Fée) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris plurisulcata (Ching) X.C.Zhang
  • Haplopteris schliebenii (Reimers) Schuettp.
  • Haplopteris scolopendrina C.Presl
  • Haplopteris sessilifrons (Miyam. & H.Ohba) S.Linds.
  • Haplopteris sikkimensis (Kuhn) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris taeniophylla (Copel.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris volkensii (Hieron.) E.H.Crane
  • Haplopteris winitii (Tagawa & K.Iwats.) S.Linds.
  • Haplopteris yakushimensis C.W.Chen & Ebihara
  • Haplopteris zosterifolia (Willd.) E.H.Crane
  • If the proposal to conserve Haplopteris against Monogramma is accepted, M. capillaris and M. graminea will have to be transferred to Haplopteris to maintain the monophyly of the genus.

    References

    Haplopteris Wikipedia