Possible time of origin 23,600 to 54,900 YBP Ancestor R Defining mutations 73, 11719 | Possible place of origin Middle East Descendants R0a, HV | |
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Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as Haplogroup pre-HV) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Contents
Origin
Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an ancestral clade to the R0a subclade and haplogroup HV, and is therefore antecedent to haplogroup H and haplogroup V.
R0's greater subclade variety in the Arabian peninsula suggests that the clade originated in and spread from there.
R0a is believed to have originated in Ice Age oases in South Arabia around 22,000 years ago. The subclade would then have spread from there with the onset of the Late Glacial period circa 15,000 ybp.
Distribution
Haplogroup R0 has been found in around 55% of osteological remains belonging to the Eneolithic Trypillia culture. The 3rd century AD Catholic Church Saint, Fortunato of Serracapriola, was also found to carry the R0a'b clade.
R0 today occurs commonly in the Arabian peninsula, with its highest frequency observed nearby among the Socotri (40.7%). The Socotri also have the greatest R0 subclade diversity. The clade is likewise found at high frequencies among the Kalash in South Asia (23%). Additionally, moderate frequencies of R0 occur in Northeast Africa, Anatolia, the Iranian Plateau and Dalmatia. The haplogroup has been observed among Chad Arabs (19%), Copts (13.8%), Tigrais (13.6%), Somalis (13.3%), Oromos (13.3%), Afar (12.5%), Amhara (11.5%), Gurage (10%), Reguibate Sahrawi (9.26%; 0.93% R0a and 8.33% R0a1a), Gaalien (9%), Beja (8.3%), Nubians (8%), Arakien (5.9%), Yemenis (5.1–27.7%), Iraqis (4.8%), Druze (4.3%), Palestinians (4%), Algerians (1.67%), and Saudis (0–25%).
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.