Possible time of origin over 45,000 years old | Ancestor K2 | |
 | ||
Possible place of origin Southeast Asia or Southern China Descendants Primary descendant: NO1; secondary descendants:
N and O. Defining mutations F549/M2335/S22380 (subclade NO1: M214/Page39) | ||
Haplogroup NO (F549/M2335/S22380), also known as K2a is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
Contents
The parent of Haplogroup NO is K2, itself a primary descendant of the broader Haplogroup K. NO is a phylogenetic sibling of the macrogroup K2b (the descendants of which include the major haplogroups M, P, Q, R and S). NO is also a sibling of the rare haplogroups K2c (P261), K2d (P402) and K2e (M147).
Its sole descendant subclade is Haplogroup NO1 (M214/Page39), which is the direct ancestor of Haplogroup N and Haplogroup O
Origins
Haplogroup NO (F549) is generally believed to have originated in East Asia. Haplogroups N and O are dominant within most populations of Northern and Eastern Eurasia.
Distribution
The only confirmed example of either NO* or NO1* is the remains of Ust'-Ishim man, dating from approximately 45,000 BP and found in Omsk Oblast, Russia. (Until 2016 these remains were erroneously classified as K2*.)
Due to subsequent advances in the definition of Haplogroup N (M231) and its subclades, other tentative cases of NO* or NO1* that have been suggested in research published between 2005 and 2011 – may instead belong to either N*, an unidentified subclade of N1, or the provisional subclade N2 (F3373/M2283/Page56/S323). These include:
Likewise, cases previously regarded as possible examples of NO* or NO1*, and since ruled out, include:
Phylogenetic tree
This phylogeny of Haplogroup NO is based on the ISOGG 2016 phylogeny and Karafet 2008 (which was based on the YCC 2008 phylogeny).