Kingdom Animalia Superfamily incertae sedis Phylum Cnidaria Rank Family | Suborder Conica Scientific name Haleciidae Higher classification Leptomedusae Order Leptomedusae | |
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Similar Halecium, Hydrozoa, Cnidaria, Plumulariidae, Campanulariidae | ||
The Haleciidae are a hydrozoan family of the suborder Conica. Their hydroid colonies emerge from a creeping hydrorhiza and usually form upright branching colonies, although some species' colonies are stolonal. Their gonophores are typically sporosacs, growing singly or bunched into a glomulus. They remain attached to the hydroids or break off to be passively drifted away; in a few, the gonophores are naked.
Contents
Some enigmatic actively swimming medusae have been tentatively placed in this family as a kind of "wastebin taxon". Should their associated hydroids turn out to belong elsewhere, they are to be moved to that family and genus. The relationships of this fairly small but distinctive radiation to other conican Leptomedusae are not well understood at present; the Lovenellidae, however, typically turn out to contain the hydroid stage of medusae placed in the Haleciidae.
Description
The shallow, usually even-rimmed hydrothecae are sessile or borne on a hydrophore; their bottom is formed by a concentric diaphragm, with a row of small knobs distally to it. They are so small in height as to lack an operculum, but are maintained and repaired throughout the individual animal's life. The hydranths much exceed the hydrothecae in size and are quite sturdy. Their endoderm consists of a proximal digestive and a distal non-digestive section. The tentacles of some but not all carry webbing between them; likewise, the presence of nematophores, nematothecae and nematodactyls varies throughout this family.
Genera
Of the 10 genera of Haleciidae recognized in modern times, only as few as 4 might actually be valid genera of this family. The others are suspected of either only containing the medusae of some other family's hydroids, or to be synonymous with other Haleciidae genera, or are otherwise of doubtful validity.