Hadendoa

Etymology

According to Roper (1930), the name Haɖanɖiwa is made up of haɖa 'lion' and (n)ɖiwa 'clan'. Other variants are Haɖai ɖiwa, Hanɖiwa and Haɖaatʼar (children of lioness).

Language

The language of the Hadendoa is a dialect of Bedawi.

History

The southern Beja were part of the Christian kingdom of Axum during the 6th to 14th centuries. In the 15th century, Axum fell to the Islamization of the Sudan region, and although the Beja were never entirely subjugated, they were absorbed into Islam via marriages and trade contracts. In the 17th century, some of the Beja expanded southward, conquering better pastures. These became the Hadendoa, who by the 18th century were the dominant people of eastern Sudan, and always at war with the Bisharin tribe.

Extensive anthropological research was done on Egyptian tribes in the late 1800s and a number of skulls of people of the Hadendoa tribe were taken to the Royal College of Surgeons to be measured and studied.

The Hadendoa were traditionally a pastoral people, ruled by a Hereditary Chief, called a Ma'ahes. One of the best-known chiefs was a Mahdist general named Osman Digna. He led them in the battles, from 1883 to 1898, against the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan- Britain and Egypt were exercising joint sovereignty in Sudan. They fought the British infantry square in many battles, such as in the Battle of Tamai in 1884 and in the Battle of Tofrek in 1885 and earned an unenviable reputation for their savagery. After the reconquest of the Egyptian Sudan (1896–98), the Hadendoa accepted the new order without demur.

In World War II, the Hadendoa allied themselves with the British against the Italians who were in turn supported by the Beni-Amer tribe.

In popular culture

Their elaborately styled hair gained them the name Fuzzy-Wuzzy among British troops during the Mahdist War after which Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem by same name.