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HM Prison Manchester

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Managed by
  
HM Prison Services

Opened
  
25 June 1868

Architect
  
Alfred Waterhouse

Governor
  
Terry Williams

Phone
  
+44 161 817 5600

HM Prison Manchester

Location
  
Strangeways, Manchester

Population
  
1269 (as of August 2008)

Website
  
Manchester at justice.gov.uk

Address
  
1 Southall St, Manchester M60 9AH, UK

Hours
  
Open today · 9AM–5PMMonday9AM–5PMTuesday9AM–5PMWednesday9AM–5PMThursday9AM–5PMFriday9AM–5PMSaturday9AM–5PMSunday2–5PM

Security class
  
Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom

Similar
  
HM Prison Birmingham, Moss Side, Manchester Jewish Museum, Owens Park, Didsbury School of Education

HM Prison Manchester (commonly known as Strangeways) is a high-security male prison in Manchester, England, operated by Her Majesty's Prison Service. It is a local prison, holding prisoners remanded into custody from courts in the Manchester area and Category A prisoners (those whose escape would be highly dangerous).

Contents

Strangeways was designed by Alfred Waterhouse and opened in 1868 alongside the now destroyed Manchester Assize Courts. The prison is known for its prominent ventilation tower and imposing design, structured by the principles of the separate system.

HM Prison Manchester was known as Strangeways, after the area in which it is located, until it was rebuilt following a major riot in 1990 and is still commonly referred to as such.

History

Construction of the Grade II listed prison was completed in 1869, and it was opened on 25 June 1868, to replace the New Bailey Prison in Salford, which closed in 1868. The prison, designed by Alfred Waterhouse in 1862 with input from Joshua Jebb, cost £170,000, and had a capacity of 1,000 inmates. Its 234 feet (71 m) ventilation tower (often mistaken for a watchtower) has become a local landmark. The prison's walls, which are rumoured to be 16 feet thick, are said to be impenetrable from either inside or out.

The prison has an element of the separate system with its plan in the form of a star or a snowflake, with two blocks housing ten wings that emanate from a central core where the watchtower is situated. The prison consists of two radial blocks branching from the central core with a total of ten wings (A, B, C, D, E, F in one block, and G, H, I, K in the second).

The jail was built on the grounds of Strangeways Park and Gardens, from which it was named. Strangeways was recorded in 1322 as Strangwas from the Anglo-Saxon Strang and gewæsc meaning "[a place by] a stream with a strong current".

The prison was open to male and female prisoners until 1963 when the facility became male-only, and in 1980 it began to accept remand prisoners. As of 2005 the prison held more than 1,200 inmates.

As a place of execution

Originally, the prison contained an execution shed in B wing and after World War I a special execution room and cell for the condemned criminal was built. Strangeways was one of the few prisons to have permanent gallows. The first execution at Strangeways was that of twenty-year-old murderer Michael Johnson who was hanged by William Calcraft on 29 March 1869.

Twenty-nine hangings took place over the next twenty years and 71 took place in the 20th century, bringing the total number to 100. During the second half of the century, the number of executions decreased, with no hangings between 1954 and 28 November 1962, when James Smith was executed. John Robson Walby (alias Gwynne Owen Evans), one of the last two people to be hanged in England, was executed here on 13 August 1964. Out of the 100 hangings, four were double hangings, while the rest were done individually. The "quickest hanging" of James Inglis in seven seconds, carried out by Albert Pierrepoint, took place here.

Other executions

  • John Jackson was executed on 7 August 1879.
  • Mary Ann Britland (38) was executed on 9 August 1886 for the murder of two family members and her neighbour. She was the first woman to be executed at the prison.
  • Thom Davies was hanged on 9 January 1889 for sexual deviancy charges.
  • Lieutenant Frederick Rothwell Holt was hanged on 13 April 1920 for the murder of twenty-six-year-old Kathleen Breaks.
  • Louie Calvert was hanged on 24 June 1926.
  • Doctor Buck Ruxton was executed on 12 May 1936 for the murder of his wife. A petition for clemency was signed by 10,000 people, both sympathetic locals with high regard for this "people's doctor" and abolitionists who mounted a large demonstration on the day of his execution.
  • Margaret Allen was hanged on 12 January 1949 by Albert Pierrepoint for the murder of an elderly widower. Her execution was the first of a woman in Britain for twelve years. and the third execution of a woman at Strangeways.
  • After the seven second hanging, Albert Pierrepoint executed Louisa May Merrifield on 18 September 1953. She was the fourth and last woman to be executed at the prison.

    • The bodies of executed criminals were buried in unmarked graves within the prison walls, as was the custom. During prison rebuilding work in 1991, the remains of 63 executed prisoners (of which 45 were identifiable) were exhumed from unmarked graves in the prison cemetery and cremated at Blackley Crematorium in Manchester. The cremated remains were re-interred in two graves (plot C2710 and C2711) at the adjacent cemetery.

    The following people were hanged at Manchester Prison between 1869 and 1964.

    1. Michael Johnson for the murder of Patrick Nurney March 29th 1869
    2. Patrick Durr for the murder of his wife, Catherine December 26th 1870.
    3. Michael Kennedy for the murder of his wife, Ann December 30th 1872
    4. William Flanagan alias Robinson for the murder of Margaret Dockerty December 21st 1876
    5. John M'Kenna for the murder of his wife, Annie March 27th 1877
    6. George Pigott for the murder of Florence Galloway February 4th 1878
    7. James McGowan for the murder of his wife November 19th 1878
    8. William Cooper for the murder of Ellen Mather May 20th 1879
    9. William Cassidy for the murder of his wife, Rosemary Ann February 17th 1880
    10. John Aspinall Simpson for the murder of Ann Ratcliffe November 28th 1881
    11. Robert Templeton for the murder of Betty Scott February 13th 1882
    12. Abraham Thomas for the murder of Christiana Leigh*** February 12th 1883
    13. Thomas Riley for the murder of Elizabeth Alston** November 26th 1883
    14. Kay Howarth (a male) for the murder of Richard Dugdale November 24th 1884
    15. Harry Hammond Swindells for the murder of James Wild November 24th 1884
    16. Mary Ann Britland for the murders of daughter Elizabeth, husband Thomas and Mary Dixon August 9th 1886
    17. Thomas Leatherbarrow for the murder of Katherine Quinn February 15th 1887
    18. Walter Wood for the murder of his wife, Emma* May 30th 1887
    19. John Alfred Gell for the murder of Mary Miller May 15th 1888
    20. John Jackson (Charles Firth) for the murder of Ralph D Webb August 7th 1888
    21. William Dukes for the murder of George Gordon December 24th 1889
    22. Alfred William Turner for the murder of Mary Ellen Moran May 19th 1891
    23. Joseph Mellor for the murder of his wife, Mary Jane December 20th 1892
    24. Emanuel Hamar for the murder of Catherine Tyrer November 28th 1893
    25. William Crossley for the murder of Mary Ann Allen July 31st 1894
    26. James Wilshaw Whitehead for the murder of his wife November 27th 1894
    27. Joseph Hurst for the murder of his daughter, Maud Goddard August 4th 1896
    28. George William Howe for the murder of Joseph Keirby Pickup February 22nd 1898
    29. Michael Dowdle for the murder of his wife ,Ellen December 6th 1899
    30. Joseph Holden for the murder of his grandson, John Dawes December 4th 1900
    31. Patrick M'Kenna for the murder of his wife, Anna December 3rd 1901
    32. Henry Mack* for the murder of Esther Elizabeth Bedford or Thompson December 2nd 1902
    33. William George Hudson for the murder of Harry Short May 12th 1903
    34. Charles Whittaker for the murder of Eliza Range December 2nd 1903
    35. John Griffiths for the murder of Catherine Garrity February 27th 1906
    36. John Ramsbottom for the murder of James McCraw May 12th 1908
    37. Fred Ballington for the murder of his wife, Ellen July 28th 1908
    38. Mark Shawcross for the murder of Emily Ramsbottom August 3rd 1909
    39. Joseph Wren for the murder of John Collins February 22nd 1910
    40. Walter Martyn for the murder of Edith Griffiths December 12th 1911
    41. John Edward Tarkenter for the murder of his wife, Rosetta December 12th 1911
    42. Arthur Birkett for the murder of Alice Beetham July 23rd 1912
    43. James Ryder for the murder of his wife, Ann August 13th 1913
    44. Ernest Edwin Kelly for the murder of Daniel Wright Bardsley December 17th 1913
    45. Fred Holmes for the murder of Sarah Woodall March 8th 1916
    46. Reginald Haslam for the murder of Isabella Holmes Conway March 29th 1916
    47. James Howarth Hargreaves for the murder of Caroline McGhee December 19th 1916
    48. Thomas Clinton for the murder of Henry Lynch. March 21st 1917
    49. William Rooney for the murder of his sister in law, Mary Rooney December 17th 1918
    50. Hyman Perdovitch for the murder of Solomon Franks January 6th 1920
    51. David Caplan for the murder of his wife, Freda January 6th 1920
    52. Frederick Rothwell Holt for the murder of Katherine Elsie Breaks April 13th 1920
    53. William Thomas Aldred for the murder of Ida Prescott June 22nd 1920
    54. Charles Colclough for the murder of George Henry Shenton December 31st 1920
    55. Frederick Quarmby for the murder of Christina A Smith April 5th 1921
    56. Thomas Wilson for the murder of Olive Duff May 24th 1921
    57. Hiram Thompson for the murder of his wife, Ellen May 30th 1922
    58. George Frederick Edisbury for the murder of Winifred Drinkwater January 3rd 1923
    59. George Perry for the murder of Emma Perry March 28th 1923
    60. Francis Wilson Booker* for the murder of Percy Sharpe April 8th 1924
    61. John Charles Horner for the murder of Norman Widderson Pinchin August 13th 1924
    62. Patrick Power for the murder of Sarah Ann Sykes May 26th 1925
    63. James Makin** for the murder of Sarah Elizabeth Clutton August 11th 1925
    64. Sam Johnson for the murder of Beatrice Philomina Martin December 15th 1925
    65. William Thorpe for the murder of Frances Clarke March 16th 1926
    66. Louie Calvert for the murder of Lilly Waterhouse June 24th 1926
    67. Fred Fielding for the murder of Eleanor Pilkington January 3rd 1928
    68. Walter Brooks for the murder of Beatrice Brooks and Alfred Moore June 28th 1928
    69. Chung Yi Miao for the murder of Wai Sheung Yi Miao December 6th 1928
    70. George Cartledge for the murder of his wife, Ellen April 4th 1929
    71. Francis Land for the murder of Sarah Ellen Johnson April 16th 1931
    72. Solomon Stein for the murder of Annie Riley December 15th 1931
    73. George Alfred Rice for the murder of Constance Inman February 3rd 1932
    74. Charles James Cowle for the murder of Naomi Annie Farnworth May 18th 1932
    75. William Burtoft for the murder of Frances Levin December 19th 1933
    76. John Harris Bridge for the murder of Amelia Nuttall May 30th 1935
    77. Buck Ruxton for the murder of his wife, Isabelle and Mary Jane Rogerson May 12th 1936
    78. Max Mayer Haslam for the murder of Ruth Clarke February 4th 1937
    79. Horace William Brunt for the murder of Kate Elizabeth Collier August 12th 1937
    80. Charles James Caldwell for the murder of his wife, Elisa Augustine April 20th 1938
    81. Clifford Holmes for the murder of his wife, Irene February 11th 1941
    82. John Smith for the murder of Margaret Helen Knight September 4th 1941
    83. James Galbraith for the murder of James William Percey July 26th 1944
    84. Harold Berry for the murder of Bernard Phillips April 9th 1946
    85. Martin Patrick Coffey for the murder of Harold Dutton April 24th 1946
    86. Walter Graham Rowland for the murder of Olive Balchin February 27th 1947
    87. Margaret*Allen for the murder of Nancy Ellen Chadwick January 12th 1949
    88. James Henry Corbitt for the murder of Eliza Wood November 28th 1950
    89. Nicholas Persoulious Crosby for the murder of Ruth Massey December 19th 1950
    90. Nenad Kovacevic for the murder of Radomir Djorovic January 26th 1951
    91. James Inglis for the murder of Aice Morgan May 8th 1951
    92. John Dand for the murder of Walter Wyld June 12th 1951
    93. Jack Wright for the murder of Mona Mather July 3rd 1951
    94. Alfred Bradley for the murder of George Camp January 15th 1952
    95. Herbert Roy Harris for the murder of his wife, Eileen* February 26th 1952
    96. Louisa May Merrifield for the murder of Sarah Ann Rickets September 18th 1953
    97. Stanislaw Juras for the murder of Erena Wagner December 17th 1953
    98. Czeslaw Kowalewski for the murder of Doris Douglas January 8th 1954
    99. James Smith for the murder of Sarah Isabella Cross November 28th 1962
    100. Gwynne Owen Evans for the murder of John Allen West August 13th 1964

    Strangeways riots

    Between 1 April and 25 April 1990, 147 staff and 47 prisoners were injured in a series of riots by prison inmates. There was one fatality among the prisoners, and one prison officer died from heart failure. Much of the old prison was damaged or destroyed in the rioting. Several inmates were charged with various offences, and Paul Taylor and Alan Lord faced a five-month trial as ringleaders.

    The riots resulted in the Woolf Inquiry, and the prison was rebuilt and renamed Her Majesty's Prison, Manchester. Repair and modernisation cost more than £80 million after the riot, and rebuilding was completed in 1994.

    The prison post-1994

    The prison is a high-security category A prison for adult males and has a maximum capacity of 1269 as of 4 August 2008. Operation of the prison was put out to tender in 1994 and 2001. Accommodation is divided into nine wings in two radial blocks. Cells are a mixture of single and double occupancy, all having in-cell power points and integral sanitation.

    The prison has been noted for a high suicide rate following its reopening in 1994. From 1993 to 2003, Strangeways prison had the second highest number of suicides among inmates than any other prison in the United Kingdom and 2004, Strangeways had the highest number of suicides in the country.

    Education and vocational training is provided by the Manchester College. Courses offered include information technology, ESOL, numeracy, industrial cleaning, bricklaying, painting and decorating, plastering, textiles and laundry. The prison's gym runs courses in physical education and offers recreational sport and fitness programmes.

    In 2015 the Daily Telegraph reported that a drone aircraft was being used in an attempt to deliver drugs and smartphones to precise locations within the prison.

    Notable inmates

  • Joey Barton, footballer jailed for assault.
  • Brendan Behan, Irish republican, playwright and poet, imprisoned in Strangeways in 1947 for attempting to free an IRA prisoner.
  • Ian Brady, held for theft prior to the Moors murders.
  • Mark Bridger, held there on remand and now serving a life sentence for the murder and abduction of April Jones. Moved to Wakefield Prison.
  • Ian Brown, musician and singer-songwriter jailed for "air rage". Wrote three songs inside: "Free My Way", "So Many Soldiers", and "Set My Baby Free". Released in December 1999.
  • Dale Cregan, held there on remand whilst awaiting trial for the murders of Mark Short, David Short, Nicola Hughes and Fiona Bone. He is also accused of the attempted murders of Michael Belcher, Ryan Pridding John Short and Sharon Hark. He is now serving a life sentence in the prison after being convicted.
  • Emily Davison, Suffragette, sentenced to a month's hard labour in 1909 after throwing rocks at the carriage of chancellor David Lloyd George. Hunger strike led to force feeding. Blockaded herself in her cell and sued Strangeways for using a water cannon.
  • David Dickinson, TV presenter specialising in antiques, imprisoned for fraud in pre-celebrity days.
  • James Inglis, the world's fastest hanging.
  • Christabel Pankhurst, suffragette, was held for a week.
  • Gordon Park was convicted in 2005 of murdering his first wife, Carol Park, in 1976.
  • Harold Shipman, held there on remand whilst awaiting trial.

    • References

    HM Prison Manchester Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA