Species Human Entrez 2984 | Human Mouse Ensembl ENSG00000070019 | |
Aliases GUCY2C, DIAR6, GUC2C, MECIL, MUCIL, STAR, guanylate cyclase 2C External IDs OMIM: 601330 MGI: 106903 HomoloGene: 3641 GeneCards: GUCY2C | ||
Guanylate cyclase 2C, also known as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), intestinal guanylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase-C receptor, or the heat-stable enterotoxin receptor (hSTAR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GUCY2C gene.
Contents
Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme found in the luminal aspect of intestinal epithelium and dopamine neurons in the brain. The receptor has an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, a region with sequence similar to that of protein kinases, and a C-terminal guanylate cyclase domain. Tyrosine kinase activity mediates the GC-C signaling pathway within the cell.
Functions
GC-C is a key receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins that are responsible for acute secretory diarrhea. Heat-stable enterotoxins are produced by pathogens such as Escherichia coli. Knockout mice deficient in the GC-C gene do not show secretory diarrhea on infection with E. coli, though they do with cholera toxin. This demonstrates the specificity of the GC-C receptor.
Diagnostic application
Because GC-C is tissue-specific for intestinal epithelium, it can be used for detection of metastatic disease.