Nationality American Died 1962 Name Grace Coyle | Known for Group work theory | |
 | ||
Born 1892 | ||
Occupation Social worker, teacher | ||
Grace Longwell Coyle (1892–1962) was a highly influential thinker in the area of social work with groups. She wrote important books on the subject, and had great influence on the development of teaching group work concepts.
Contents
Life
Grace Longwell Coyle was born in North Adams, Massachusetts in 1892. Her parents were John Patterson Coyle, a Congregational minister, and Mary Cushman Coyle. Her brother, David Cushman Coyle (1887–1969) wrote popular books on economics and public policy, and was appointed to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Brain Trust". She graduated from Drury High School in 1910. She attended Wellesley College, where she was elected Phi Beta Kappa, and graduated with an AB in 1914. She worked as a volunteer at a Boston settlement house while at college. She won a scholarship from the College Settlement Association to attend the New York School of Philanthropy, where she studied social work and earned a diploma in 1915.
From 1915–17 Coyle was a settlement house worker in the coal mining region of northeast Pennsylvania, dealing with new immigrants and factory workers. From 1917–18 she was a field worker with the YWCA in Pittsburgh. From 1918–26 she was industrial secretary for the YWCA national board in New York City. In this role she was responsible for development of education and recreation programs for adult women in industrial jobs. In 1923 she developed one of the first group work courses at the School of Applied Social Sciences of Western Reserve University, Cleveland.
Coyle decided that she needed a better understanding of economics, and was admitted to Columbia University in 1926, graduating in 1928 with an MA in economics. In 1931 she was given a PhD in sociology by Columbia. She became interested in the way that small groups function. Her doctoral thesis Social Progress in Organized Groups was published as a book in 1930. From 1930–34 she was head of the YWCA national laboratory division, directing research.
In the summer of 1934 Coyle organized a two-week group work institute for forty YWCA and settlement house workers at Fletcher Farm School in Vermont. Grace Coyle taught from 1934 to 1962 at the School of Applied Social Sciences in Western Reserve University. In 1940 she became president of the National Conference of Social Work. Coyle was an advocate of expanding government services to reduce social problems. In 1942 she was appointed to the federal War Relocation Authority. In 1942 she was made president of the American Association of Social Workers. She was president of the Council on Social Work Education from 1958 to 1960.
Grace Longwell Coyle never married. She died in 1962.
Concepts
Grace Coyle made a major contribution through her speeches and writings to acceptance of group work as a component of social work. She felt that group work and case work were compatible and complementary, each would gain by being integrated with the other, and the result would be better service to clients. In her view, group workers required greater awareness of issues of personality and family relationships. Through familiarity with case work the group workers would understand the how a group experience could have therapeutic potential. Case workers needed more understanding of group dynamics and leisure activities. In 1935 she wrote,
One of the primary functions of group work is the attempt to build on the inevitably social interests both of children and adults a type of group experience which will be individually developing and socially useful. By providing within the group work agency for experience in group management, in cooperation for a common interest, in collective behavior, the agency can help its members to discover how to take their place in the organizational life of the community.
Coyle said in a 1946 paper presented to the members of the American Association for the Study of Group Work at the National Conference of Social Work in Buffalo,
My own hope is that the emerging definition of social work may define it as involving the conscious use of social relations in performing certain community functions, such as child welfare, family welfare or health services, recreation and informal education. Case work, group work, and community organization have this common factor, that they are all based on understanding human relations. While the specific relations used in each are different, the underlying philosophy and approach are the same: a respect for personality and a belief in democracy. This we share with case workers and expert community organization people. It is for this reason that I believe group work as a method falls within the larger scope of social work as a method and as defined above.
Works
Publications include:
The archives of Case Western University hold a collection of her manuscripts, course outlines and correspondence.