Gouveia is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
André de Gouveia, (1497–1548), Portuguese humanist and pedagogue
Antônio Gouveia, (known as Carlão) (b. 1965), Brazilian volleyball player
Fialho Gouveia, (1935–2004), Portuguese TV and radio presenter
Inácio Henrique de Gouveia, Brazilian military leader
Kurt Gouveia,(b. 1964), American football linebacker
Lata Gouveia, (b. 1975), Blues singer
Ricardo Gouveia is the real name of Rigo 23, (b. 1966 ),Portuguese muralist and painter and political artist
Teodósio de Gouveia, (1889–1962), Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
Teresa Patrício de Gouveia, (b. 1946), Portuguese politician
Wilson Gouveia, (b. 1978), Brazilian mixed martial arts participant
