Generalized Newtonian fluid

A generalized Newtonian fluid is an idealized fluid for which the shear stress is a function of shear rate at the particular time, but not dependent upon the history of deformation. Despite this type of fluid is non-Newtonian (i.e. non-linear) in nature, its constitutive equation is a generalised form of the Newtonian fluid. Generalised Newtonian fluids satisfy the following rheological equation:

where τ is the shear stress, and γ ˙ the shear rate. The quantity μ eff represents an apparent or effective viscosity as a function of the shear rate.

The most commonly used types of generalized Newtonian fluids are: