Gebauer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ernst Gebauer (1782–1865), German painter
François René Gebauer (1773–1845), French composer and bassoonist, brother of Michel-Joseph Gebauer
Franz Gebauer (1888–1958), Hungarian inventor and weapons designer
Jan Gebauer (1838–1907), Czech academic
Johann Christian Gebauer (1808–1884), Danish composer and organist
Josef Gebauer (1942–2004), Czech historian
Judy GeBauer, American playwright
Michel-Joseph Gebauer (1763–1812), French composer, brother of François René Gebauer
Thomas Gebauer (born 1983), German footballer