Gebauer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ernst Gebauer (1782–1865), German painterFrançois René Gebauer (1773–1845), French composer and bassoonist, brother of Michel-Joseph GebauerFranz Gebauer (1888–1958), Hungarian inventor and weapons designerJan Gebauer (1838–1907), Czech academicJohann Christian Gebauer (1808–1884), Danish composer and organistJosef Gebauer (1942–2004), Czech historianJudy GeBauer, American playwrightMichel-Joseph Gebauer (1763–1812), French composer, brother of François René GebauerThomas Gebauer (born 1983), German footballer