A game opera is a type of television show that combines elements of game shows and reality television.
Contents
- Brief history
- Criticisms
- Lives of contestants
- Taping schedule and disclosure of winners
- Voting methods and procedures
- List of game operas on American television
- References
The term was coined by Steve Beverly, a professor at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee, an expert on game shows, and a webmaster of a site devoted to games. The phrase itself is a portmanteau of "game show" and "soap opera". Beverly intended this as a derogatory term, criticizing the nature and structure of these programs.
The term has been picked up The Game Show Congress (web site here [1]) & is used a category in their annual Game Show Awards.[2]
There are two types of game operas:
The following shows are not included in this genre:
Despite the distinctions, game operas work from a common template. A set number of contestants begin the contest. As play continues, they are eliminated, most often one at a time. Eventually, only one winner emerges to gain the cash prize, which is as much as $1 million.
Brief history
Big Brother is believed to be the oldest game opera; it premiered on Dutch television in 1999 and was a ratings hit. Producer John De Mol licensed the product to other countries, including the United States. Survivor, which descended from a Swedish show, was the first game opera hit in the U.S. when it premiered in the summer of 2000.
After Survivor's success, the subgenre took off as almost every major broadcast and cable network in the United States and other countries sought similar programs. Even a professional football league, the XFL, used elements of game operas and reality TV.
The future of these shows was put in some question after the attacks on America in 2001, but the genre survived the immediate aftermath and now is as popular as ever. In fact, American Idol was the highest-rated show on all of American television in 2004–05 and 2005–06.
Criticisms
Game operas are often derided for several reasons:
Lives of contestants
Contestants on game operas are sequestered. They are not allowed to use cellular phones or the Internet and are at least highly discouraged from watching television or reading newspapers. An example of the consequences of breaking such rules occurred on the NBC series Last Comic Standing. On the episode which aired July 11, 2006, contestant Gabriel Iglesias was thrown off the show after he was found to have a BlackBerry in his possession. Iglesias insisted that he was only trying to stay in contact with his girlfriend. In most cases, contestants live together in a common location, whether it's the isolated settings of Survivor or the luxurious accommodations on The Apprentice and America's Next Top Model.
Contestants cannot be seen as having any lives outside the show (during taping) and must keep details of their appearance in strict secrecy until the program airs. Reportedly, contestants who violate confidentiality can be fined as much as $5 million and lose all money and prizes that they may have gained on the show.
Taping schedule and disclosure of winners
Shooting schedules of game operas vary widely. On non-talent shows, taping lasts between 30 and 45 days. Eliminations are announced at the end of each episode, and some shows announce their winners at the end of taping. But most programs announce their winners on a live season finale broadcast, which typically happens about two months after the original filming wraps up. This is done with two things in mind: it builds momentum for each new episode, giving viewers something to look forward to in the end, and it is supposed to prevent the ultimate outcome from being leaked in advance, which could be used by bettors to gain an unfair advantage.
In contrast, talent shows generally air two episodes a week. The first episode features performances from the contestants. In most cases, these performances are taped a few days before the show's air date. However, all performances on Dancing with the Stars, and final-round songs on American Idol, are done live. The second episode, which airs the night after the first, reveals the results of voting done by the public. All eliminations, and the announcement of the final winner, are revealed live, except on Rock Star, in which the results are tape delayed in the U.S. due to the show's global reach.
Voting methods and procedures
Methods of voting vary from show to show. American Idol votes are cast by telephone and text messaging. America's Got Talent accepts not only phone calls and texts, but also online votes from NBC's website. Last Comic Standing, So You Think You Can Dance (a "sister" show to both Idol and Talent), and Grease: You're the One that I Want! accept telephone votes only. Rock Star does not accept phone votes, at least not from American viewers.
Except on Dancing, no votes are allowed before the show ends. On that show, voting begins shortly after each episode hits the air and continues for another half-hour after the episode ends.
List of game operas on American television
*Indicates upcoming program as of December 2006