Canonized 1820 Patronage Children | Feast April 20, May 3 Died 1690, Białystok, Poland | |
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Venerated in Eastern Orthodoxy
Russian Orthodox Church | ||
Gabriel of Białystok (Polish: Gabriel Białostocki, Russian: Гавриил Белостокский - Gavriil Belostoksky or Gabriel of Zabłudów, Polish: Gabriel Zabłudowski, alternatively Gavrila or Gavriil; April 2 1684 - April 20, 1690) is a child saint in the Russian Orthodox Church. The legend of his death describes a ritual murder which has been described as a blood libel. His feast day is held on April 20 / May 3.
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The revival of his cult in Belarus and Russia in the 1990s raised concerns among some human rights organizations.
Legend and canonization
According to the legend, the six-year-old boy was kidnapped from his home in the village of Zverki, 13 km from Zabłudów, Grodno Uezd (then Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, today's Poland) during the Jewish Passover, while his parents, pious Orthodox Christians Peter and Anastasia Govdel, were away. Shutko, a Jewish arendator of Zverki, was accused of bringing the boy to Białystok, poking him with sharp objects and draining his blood for nine days, then bringing the dead body back to Zverki and dumping it in a local field.
When his relics were transferred in 1755 to the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in Slutsk (Слуцкий Свято-Троицкий монастырь), in the Minsk Guberniya, attached was a placard blaming Jews for his death. His cult developed and spread throughout the Russian Empire, and the boy was canonized in 1820. He is considered the patron saint of children. In the 1930s the relics were transferred to the Minsk Museum of Atheism. In 1944, they were moved to Grodno, where they stayed until 1992, when they were moved to Białystok (Свято-Никольский собор), where they are still the focus of pilgrimages.
Used to foment antisemitism
According to a report by the first deputy of the Euro-Asiatic Jewish Congress, Dr. Yakov Basin, and published by the Union of Councils for Soviet Jews (UCSJ) in July 1997,
Contemporary accounts, which claim that Jews murdered a boy in a ritual manner in order to use his blood, are resurrecting the medieval canard that Jews use the blood of Christian babies for their ritual purposes during pre-Passover days. On April 11, 1690, a few days before the beginning of Passover, 6 year-old Gavril Belostoksky allegedly was found murdered and drained of his blood in his village of Zverki, which was at the time a Belarusian town, but is now in Polish territory. Soon thereafter, the accusation that he had been murdered by Jews who needed his blood to bake matzoth was spread throughout Belarus. The libel was bolstered in 1844 in Vladimir Dal's book, "Investigation of the Murder of Christian Babies by Jews and the Use of Their Blood." The Russian Orthodox Church canonized Gavril in the 20th century as the patron saint of sick children; he is commemorated in the beginning of each May.
In the same month as the UCSJ report, Belorussian state television aired a film continuing to propagate this blood libel.
The revival of the cult in Belarus was cited as a dangerous expression of antisemitism in US State Department reports on human rights and religious freedoms and were passed to the UNHCR.