Fukui is a Japanese surname. It means "fortunate" or it can mean "one who is from the Fukui prefecture". Notable people with the surname include:
Kenichi Fukui (1918–1998), physical chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1981
Kenichiro Fukui, Japanese video game music composer, arranger and performer
Kenji Fukui (born 1953), Japanese television announcer, best known as the head commentator of television program Iron Chef, referred as "Fukui-san" in the program
Masato Fukui (born 1988), Japanese soccer player
Mina Fukui (born 1984), Japanese actress and TV tarento
Morita Fukui, former commissioner of Nippon Professional Baseball
Shozin Fukui, Japanese movie director and screenwriter
Takeo Fukui (born 1944), Japanese businessman, President and CEO of Honda
Teru Fukui (born 1953), Japanese politician, a member of the House of Representatives of Japan
