A frenulum (or frenum, plural: frenula or frena, from the Latin frēnulum, "little bridle", the diminutive of frēnum) is a small fold of tissue that secures or restricts the motion of a mobile organ in the body.
Frenula on the human body include several in the mouth, some in the digestive tract, and some connected to the external genitalia.
Brain: Frenulum veli
Digestive tract: frenulum valvae ileocaecalis
Oral tissue: Frenula of the mouth include the frenulum linguae under the tongue, the frenulum labii superioris inside the upper lip, the frenulum labii inferioris inside the lower lip, and the buccal frena which connect the cheeks to the gum. These can easily be torn by violent blows to the face or mouth, thus a torn frenulum is sometimes a warning sign of physical abuse.
Penile tissue: The word frenulum on its own is often used for the frenulum of prepuce of penis or frenulum preputii penis, which is an elastic band of tissue under the glans penis that connects to the prepuce, or foreskin to the vernal mucosa, and helps contract the prepuce over the glans.
Vulvular tissue: In females, genital frenula include the frenulum clitoridis of the clitoris and the frenulum labiorum pudendi (aka fourchette) where the labia minora meet at the back.
An overly short oral or genital frenulum may require a frenulectomy or frenuloplasty to achieve normal mobility.
The word frenulum also refers to a bristle present at the root of the hindwing of most moths which engages with a small hook on the forewing (the retinaculum) to join the wings together.
