The Freedom of the City of Aberdeen is an honour bestowed by the city of Aberdeen, Scotland.
The Freedom of the City of Aberdeen has its origins in the 12th century, through the city's Burgesses of Guild. Certain respected residents would be granted free entry into the Guild, earning them the title of Free Burgess. Members of the Guild would have special trading rights, such as exemption from tolls, but would also be required to own arms and be prepared to use them in defence of the city.
Today, the Freedom of Aberdeen is a purely symbolic honour, which can be bestowed by Aberdeen City Council under the terms of Section 206 of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, Part XI – 'Admission of honorary freemen'. The Act states that:
(1) A local authority may, by resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the members voting thereon at a meeting of the authority the notice of which specifies the proposed admission as an item of business, admit to be honorary freemen of their area persons of distinction and any persons who have rendered eminent service to their area.
(2) An officer designated for the purpose by local authority shall keep a roll containing the names of persons admitted to be freemen under this section.
Section 207 of the same Act – 'Limitation of rights of freemen' – further states that:
Nothing in this Part of this Act shall—
(a) confer any right of membership or any right or interest in the properties, funds, revenues or privileges of any guild or incorporation of crafts; or
(b) confer any right or interest in any burgess acres or any grazing rights connected therewith, or affect the law or practice existing at the commencement of this Act with reference to the use, enjoyment and administration of any such burgess acres or grazing rights.
Since the Reform Act, the Freedom of Aberdeen has been conferred on the following persons:
10 September 1834: Henry Brougham, former Lord Chancellor1834: Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch1834: George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale1836: William Hay, Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire1837: Charles Gordon-Lennox, former Postmaster General1839: George Watt of Aberdeen1840: George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland1841: Robert Wallace, MP for Greenock1841: George Thomas of Fairley1844: Samuel McKnight of South Carolina1844: Rowland Hill, social reformer7 September 1848: Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria 1849: Robert Peel, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom1853: George Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle1854: Joseph Hume, MP for Montrose Burghs1858: Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope1859: David Ogilvy, 10th Earl of Airlie28 September 1859: John Russell, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1862: Edward Ellice, MP20 September 1866: Edward VII, Prince of Wales 1871: William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom1876: William Edward Forster, philanthropist15 November 1878: Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, Governor of Fiji 1881: Sir John Anderson, Engineer and philanthropist1883: John Hamilton-Gordon, Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire1883: R. A. Cross, former Home Secretary1884: Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery1888: John Campbell, former Governor General of Canada1890: William Alexander Hunter, MP for Aberdeen North1890: Henry Morton Stanley, explorer5 July 1892: Andrew Carnegie, philanthropist 10 April 1901: Charles William Mitchell, son of shipbuilder Charles Mitchell27 April 1901: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen, philanthropist (presented at Aberdeen 27 August 1901)9 April 1902: Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal, philanthropist and Lord Rector of the University of Aberdeen29 August 1913: Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, military commander29 August 1918: William Morris Hughes, 7th Prime Minister of Australia11 July 1919: Douglas Haig, military commander16 August 1926: Weetman Pearson, 1st Viscount Cowdray24 October 1927: Sir Robert Williams, explorer, miner and railroad developer26 September 1928: John Jellicoe, 2nd Governor-General of New Zealand26 September 1928: Sir Thomas Jaffray of Edgehill26 September 1928: Robert Laws, missionary7 October 1931: James Murray, former MP for East Aberdeenshire7 October 1931: George Adam Smith, Principal of the University of Aberdeen20 September 1935: James Meston, 1st Baron Meston20 September 1935: George Milne, military commander19 June 1937: William Lyon Mackenzie King, 10th Prime Minister of Canada19 June 1937: Joseph Aloysius Lyons, 10th Prime Minister of Australia 31 July 1941: Peter Fraser, 24th Prime Minister of New Zealand1942: Jan Smuts, 4th Prime Minister of South Africa27 July 1943: John Gilbert Winant, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom27 July 1943: Vi-Kyuin Wellington Koo, former Premier of the Republic of China27 April 1946: Winston Churchill, Leader of the Conservative Party 16 March 1949: John Boyd Orr, Nobel Prize winner and first director of the Rowett Research Institute16 March 1949: Thomas Johnston, former Secretary of State for Scotland20 August 1949: The Colonel, Officers and other Ranks of the Gordon Highlanders5 June 1956: Clement Attlee, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom5 June 1956: Alexander Steven Bilsland, 1st Baron Bilsland25 May 1959: Queen Elizabeth, The Queen Mother 21 June 1966: Sir Dugald Baird, medical doctor21 June 1966: Lady May Baird, medical doctor and town councillor21 June 1966: Thomas Dunlop Galbraith, former Minister of State for Scotland9 October 1981: Mary Esslemont, former chair of the British Medical Association 29 November 1984: Nelson Mandela, anti-apartheid activist, and his wife, Winifred Mandela 8 June 1992: HMS Scylla6 December 1993: Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, former President of the Soviet Union11 February 1995: University of Aberdeen, in its Quincentenary year18 November 1995: Alex C. Collie, former Lord Provost of Aberdeen30 March 1999: Alex Ferguson, football manager14 August 2004: John Rowland Mallard, medical physicist and university professor 1 July 2006: Highlanders, 4th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland 20 April 2008: George Donald MBE, William "Buff" Hardie MBE, and Stephen Robertson MBE, comedy trio better known as Scotland the What? 15 March 2017: Denis Law CBE, Scottish Football Player.