Name Francois-Antoine Devaux Died 1796 | Role Poet | |
Francois-Antoine Devaux (12 December 1712, Luneville - 11 April 1796, or 22 germinal year IV, Luneville) was a Lorraine (and, after 1766, French) poet and man of letters. He was called Panpan by his friends.
Contents
Life
Devaux trained as a lawyer and worked briefly for a lawyer cousin in Nancy. He soon quit to live with his parents in Luneville, resisting their efforts to make him marry and earn a living. His dream was to become a writer, an ambition encouraged by his friend Francoise de Graffigny, who became his sponsor in the court society of Lorraine. They collaborated on several literary projects and confided in each other about their problems, both financial and emotional. In the 1730s Devaux wrote a one-act prose play, called Les Portraits, which was accepted by the Comedie-Francaise; but the troupe stalled on performing the play, and for about fifteen years Devaux struggled to get it staged.
In 1737, the duke of Lorraine, Francois Etienne, signed away his duchy to France, in exchange for French support for his marriage to Maria Theresa of Austria. The court of Lorraine, which had been presided over by Elisabeth Charlotte d'Orleans, widow of Leopold I of Lorraine, was dispersed, and Stanislas Leszczynski, former king of Poland and father-in-law of Louis XV of France, was made duke of Lorraine. As a result, Francoise de Graffigny left Lorraine for Paris, and her intermittent correspondence with Devaux became an almost daily record of both their lives, until her death in 1758. She used her influence for his benefit, getting him a post as a revenue collector in 1741, helping secure his election to the Academie de Nancy in 1752, obtaining for him a sinecure as reader to King Stanislas, and thanks to her success as a playwright, persuading the actors to produce his play, which had been retitled Les Engagements indiscrets. It had its premiere on 26 October 1752. The performance was intended to coincide with the ceremony of Devaux's reception into the Academie de Nancy (now called the Academie de Stanislas), when he delivered his Discours sur l’esprit philosophique, but the indisposition of one of the actors delayed it. Francoise de Graffigny also supervised the publication of the play in 1753.
Relations between the two friends became strained in the 1750s, although they continued to correspond. Devaux made several trips to Paris in the entourage of a new patron, Marie Francoise Catherine de Beauvau-Craon, marquise de Boufflers, who was the mistress of King-Duke Stanislas and had many other lovers, although Devaux was not one of them. He inherited Francoise de Graffigny's papers at her death, but never undertook the project of editing them—another dream they had shared was that their correspondence would rival that of Madame de Sevigne. He preserved the collection, however, and Francoise de Graffigny's letters are now being edited by a team headed by J. A. Dainard. They do in fact rival those of Madame de Sevigne. Devaux's letters from 1738 until the summer of 1751 form part of the manuscript collection, and are quoted extensively in the notes.
From 1758 until his own death in 1796, Devaux lived an idle life in Luneville, frequenting the houses of noble families of Lorraine, attending sessions of the Academie de Nancy, and writing occasional verse. He survived to be the senior member of the Academie de Nancy, but published nothing more in his lifetime. The manuscripts of many of his poems are now in the Bibliotheque municipale de Nancy, and a generous selection of them, along with his play and his discourse, were edited and published by Angela Consiglio in 1977.
It has long been assumed that because eighteenth-century France was a notoriously libertine era, and because Devaux was befriended by several attractive women, he must have been having affairs with them. The truth is more interesting. He was bi-sexual; the greatest passion he talked to Francoise de Graffigny about was his infatuation with another man, Nicolas-Francois Liebault. He was eventually coaxed into a sexual relationship by his neighbor, Barbe Lemire, and he occasionally slept with an actress friend, Clairon Lebrun. With great ladies like the marquise de Boufflers, however, he was terrified; he thought he was ugly, and performance anxiety caused erectile dysfunction, as one would say now. He wrote all this to Francoise de Graffigny. As for their own relations, she said: "Je n'avais jamais pense que tu fusses un homme et tu n'avais jamais pense que je fusse une femme." (I had never thought you were a man and you had never thought I was a woman.)
- ^ Showalter, Francoise de Graffigny, p. 291-300
- ^ Boye, "Dernier Fidele".
- ^ Showalter, Francoise de Graffigny, p. 28-29.
- ^ Showalter, Francoise de Graffigny, p. 178-79.
- ^ Correspondance, V, 253, letter 691 (8 May 1744)