Harman Patil (Editor)

Forrest classification

Updated on
Edit
Like
Comment
Share on FacebookTweet on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on Reddit
Forrest classification

Forrest classification is a classification of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage used for purposes of comparison and in selecting patients for endoscopic treatment.

Contents

Forrest classification

Acute hemorrhage

  • Forrest I a (Spurting hemorrhage)
  • Forrest I b (Oozing hemorrhage)

    • Signs of recent hemorrhage

  • Forrest II a (Visible vessel)
  • Forrest II b (Adherent clot)
  • Forrest II c (Flat pigmented haematin on ulcer base)

    • Lesions without active bleeding

  • Forrest III (Lesions without signs of recent hemorrhage or fibrin-covered clean ulcer base)

    • Application

    Forrest classification is instrumental when stratifying patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage into high and low risk categories for mortality. It is also a significant method of prediction of the risk of rebleeding and very often is used for evaluation of the endoscopic intervention modalities. A prospective controlled study carried out by Dr. Walter Heldwein, J. Schreiner, José Pedrazzoli Júnior, P.Lehnhert at Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt der Universität München revealed that "Forrest criteria are essential for proper planning of endoscopic therapy and urgent surgery in bleeding peptic ulcers".

    History

    The classification was first published by J.A. Forrest et al. in the Lancet in 1974.

    References

    Forrest classification Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA