Flora Malesiana is a multi-volume flora describing the vascular plants of Malesia (the biogeographical region consisting of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea), published by the National Herbarium of the Netherlands since 1950. It currently consists of 204 full treatments, covering about 20% of a total of approximately 40,000 species.
Main series
Flora Malesiana is divided into two main series: I. Seed plants and II. Pteridophytes. Later volumes include CD-ROMs with additional multimedia contents such as interactive keys.
Currently, the following volumes have been published in Series I. Seed Plants:
Volume 1 – Malesian Plant Collectors
Volume 2 & 3 – not published.
Volume 4 (1954) – Revisions: Aceraceae, Actinidiaceae sens.str., Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Ancistrocladaceae, Aponogetonaceae, Bixaceae sens.str., Burmanniaceae, Callitrichaceae, Cannabinaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Ceratophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cochlospermaceae, Combretaceae, Convolvulaceae, Corynocarpaae, Crassulaceae, Datiscaceae, Dilleniaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Dipsacaceae, Droseraceae, Elatinaceae, Ficoidaceae see Aizoaceae, Flagellariaceae, Gnetaceae, Gonystylaceae, Hydrocaryaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Juncaceae, Juncaginaceae, Martyniaceae see Pedaliaceae, Molluginaceae see Aizoaceae, Moringaceae, Myoporaceae, Myricaceae, Nyssaceae, Pedaliaceae, Pentaphragmataceae, Philydraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Podostemaceae, Polemoniaceae, Pontederiaceae, Punicaceae, Salvadoraceae, Sarcospermaceae, Saururaceae, Sonneratiaceae, Sparganiaceae, Sphenocleaceae, Stackhousiaceae, Stylidiaceae, Styracaceae, Thymelaeaceae–Gonystyloideae, Trapaceae see Hydrocaryaceae, Trigoniaceae, Tumeraceae, Typhaceae, Umbelliferae, Valerianaceae, Xyridaceae, Zygophyllaceae.
Volume 5 (1958) – Revisions: Alismataceae, Basellaceae, Batidaceae, Betulaceae, Burseraceae, Butomaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Connaraceae, Dichapetalaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Goodeniaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Malpighiaceae, Papaveraceae, Pentaphylacaceae, Pittosporaceae, Proteaceae, Restionaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae, Scyphostegiaceae.
Volume 6 (1972) – Revisions: Campanulaceae, Capparidaceae, Celastraceae, Epacridaceae, Ericaceae, Gerianiaceae, Juglandaceae, Loganiaceae, Najadaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Primulaceae, Simaroubaceae, Staphyleaceae, Thymelaeaceae.
Volume 7 part 1 (1971) – Revisions: Byblidaceae, Cardiopteridaceae, Clethraceae, Haloragaceae, Icacinaceae, Lemnaceae, Lophopyxidaceae, Ochnaceae, Oxalidaceae, Portulacaceae, Violaceae.
Volume 7 part 2 (1972) – Revisions: Fagaceae, Passifloraceae.
Volume 7 part 3 (1974) – Revision: Cyperaceae.
Volume 7 part 4 (1976) – Revisions: Balanophoraceae, Leeaceae, Taccaceae.
Volume 8 part 1 (1974) – Revision: Hypericaceae.
Volume 8 part 2 (1977) – Revisions: Bignoniaceae, Cornaceae, Crypteroniaceae, Iridaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Onagraceae, Symplocaceae, Ulmaceae.
Volume 8 part 3 (1978) – Revisions: Anacardiaceae, Labiatae.
Volume 9 part 1 (1979) – Revisions: Araliaceae-I, Liliaceae s.s.
Volume 9 part 2 (1982) – Revisions: Cyperaceae-II, Liliaceae-I
Volume 9 part 3 (1983) – Revision: Dipterocarpaceae
Volume 10 part 1 (1984) – Revisions: Aristolochiaceae, Olacaceae, Opiliaceae, Triuridaceae.
Volume 10 part 2 (1986) – Revisions: Alseuosmiaceae, Chloranthaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Menispermaceae, Monimiaceae, Sphenostemonaceae, Trimeniaceae.
Volume 10 part 3 (1988) – Revisions: Araucariaceae, Coniferales, Cruciferae, Ctenolophonaceae, Cupressaceae, Ixonanthaceae, Linaceae, Magnoliaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae, Polygalaceae, Sabiaceae, Taxaceae.
Volume 10 part 4 (1989) – Revisions: Chrysobalanaceae, Sabiaceae.
Volume 11 part 1 (1992) – Revision: Mimosaceae (Leguminosae–Mimosoideae).
Volume 11 part 2 (1993) – Revisions: Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Coriariaceae, Pentastemonaceae, Rosaceae, Stemonaceae.
Volume 11 part 3 (1994) – Revision: Sapindaceae.
Volume 12 part 1 (1995) – Revision: Meliaceae.
Volume 12 part 2 (1996) – Revisions: Caesalpiniaceae, Geitonoplesiaceae, Hernandiaceae, Lowiaceae.
Volume 13 (1997) – Revisions: Boraginaceae, Daphniphyllaceae, Illiciaceae, Loranthaceae, Rafflesiaceae, Schisandraceae, Viscaceae.
Volume 14 (2000) – Revision: Myristicaceae.
Volume 15 (2001) – Revision: Nepenthaceae.
Volume 16 (2002) – Revisions: Caryophyllaceae, Cunoniaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Zosteraceae, Cymodoceaceae.
Volume 17 part 1 (2006) – Revisions: Moraceae – genera other than Ficus.
Volume 17 part 2 (2005) – Revisions: Moraceae – Ficus.
Volume 18 (2007) – Apocynaceae
Volume 19 (2010) – Cucurbitaceae
Volume 20 (2011) – Acoraceae, Pandaceae, Picrodendraceae
Series II. Pteridophytes consists of:
Volume 1 part 1 (1959) – Revisions: Gleicheniaceae, Schizaeaceae, Isoetaceae
Volume 1 part 2 (1963) – Revision: Cyatheaceae
Volume 1 part 3 (1971) – Revision: Lindsaea group
Volume 1 part 4 (1978) – Revision: Lomariopsis group.
Volume 1 part 5 (1981) – Revision: Thelypteridaceae.
Volume 2 part 1 (1991) – Revision: Tectaria group.
Volume 3 (1998) – Revisions: Polypodiaceae, Davalliaceae, Azollaceae, Cheiropleuriaceae, Equisetaceae, Matoniaceae, Plagiogyriaceae.
Several taxonomic treatments have been published by ETI Bioinformatics on CD-ROM. These treatments have various multimedia features such as interactive keys, many images, and literature databases. Currently, the following treatments have been published on CD-ROM:
Leguminosae – Caesalpinioideae of South East Asia
Leguminosae – Mimosoideae of South-East Asia
Orchids of New Guinea Vol. I – Illustrated Checklist and Genera
Orchids of New Guinea Vol. II – Dendrobium and allied genera
Orchids of New Guinea Vol. III – Genera Acanthephippium to Hymenorchis (excluding Dendrobiinae s.l.)
Orchids of New Guinea Vol. IV – Genera Kuhlhasseltia to Ophioglossella
Orchids of New Guinea Vol. V – Genera Pachystoma to Zeuxine (excluding Dendrobiinae s.l.)
Orchids of New Guinea Vol. VI – Genus Bulbophyllum
Orchids of The Philippines Vol. I – Illustrated Checklist and Genera
In 2010 an initiative was taken to make all of the contents of Flora Malesiana available though a website, as a so-called e-flora (the 'e' standing for 'electronic' or 'enhanced'). This initiative was taken because (1) the overall progress of Flora Malesiana in terms of the number of species covered is too slow (about 80% of all species in Malesia still need to be treated) to make a timely contribution towards sustainability and conservation, and (2) several volumes of Flora Malesiana are out-of-print.
5th International Flora Malesiana Sympodium (2001) - Sydney, Australia
6th International Flora Malesiana Sympodium (2004) - UPLB, The Philippines
7th International Flora Malesiana Sympodium (2007) - Leiden, the Netherlands.
8th International Flora Malesiana Sympodium (2010) - Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore.
9th International Flora Malesiana Sympodium (2013) - Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia
10th International Flora Malesiana Sympodium (2016) - Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, UK.
