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The fire service in France is known as Sapeurs-pompiers, except in Marseille, where naval "sailor-firefighters", marins-pompiers, provide fire and rescue services.
Contents
There are two categories:
There are approximately 250,584 fire service personnel in France operating 15,000 emergency vehicles out of 10,238 emergency centres.
Pompier (firefighter) etymologically comes from the concept of pumping (water) and refers to the manual pumps that were originally used. Sapeur means "sapper" and refers to the first official firefighting unit created by Napoleon I which was part of the military engineering arm.
Categories
As of 1 January 2012, there were 248 300 sapeurs-pompiers in France:
Women comprised 12% of the civil sapeurs-pompiers.
The service de santé and of effectives.
The administrative personnel, technicians and specialists numbered 10,900.
The jeunes sapeurs-pompiers (Junior fighters) and cadets numbered 27,800.
There are also few (328) civil volunteer firefighters (sapeurs-pompiers volontaires civils). The civil volunteers status was created in 2000 when the conscription was abolished. It is a national service, i.e. full-time job for 6 months to 2 years, but with a reduced pay.
Organization
Headquarters are located in:
Sous-direction des Sapeur-Pompiers
87-95 quai du docteur Dervanx
92600 Asnieres-Sur-Seine
Local organization is based in the various Departmental Fire and Rescue Services (Services Departmentaux d'Incendie et de Secours (SDIS)).
Personnel
Civilian professional fire fighters are local government civil servants of class A, B, and C. Civil servants class A and B, and their volunteer counterparts, are trained at the National Fire College, École nationale supérieure des officiers de sapeurs-pompiers.
Class C
Professional fire fighters class C, are recruited from volunteer fire fighters or youth fire fighters, age 18 or above, with three years service, and passed middle school; employment as Sapper 2nd class without, and as Sapper 1st class with, a civil service exam. Promotion to Corporal can occur after three years as Sapper 1st class; to Chief Corporal after six years as Corporal. Crew commanders are selected through a civil service exam open to team leaders. Promotion to Adjutant can occur after six years as Sergeant/Chief Sergeant.
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Class B
Professional fire fighters class B are recruited through civil service exams open to direct entry candidates with an associate's degree, and to fire fighters class C with four years service, leading to employment as Lieutenant 1st class; and through a civil service exam open to fire fighters class C qualified as senior crew commanders, leading to employment as Lieutenant 2nd class. 75% of the promotions from Lieutenant 2nd class to Lieutenant 1st class are through a civil service exam open to Lieutenants 2nd class with three years in the grade; 25 % through selection from Lieutenants 2nd class with five years in the grade. 75 % of the promotions from Lieutenant 1st class to Lieutenant above class are through a civil service exam open to Lieutenants 1st class with three years in the grade; 25 % through selection from Lieutenants 1st class with five years in the grade.
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Class A
Professional fire fighters class A are recruited through civil service exams open to direct entry candidates with a bachelor's degree, and to fire fighters class B qualified as sector commanders. Commandants are selected from captains with five years in the grade; lieutenant-colonels from commandants with five years in the grade; colonels are selected from lieutenant-colonels, deputy brigade managers with three years in the grade, and from other lieutenant-colonels with five years in the grade.
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Responses
Paris and Marseille comprise 14% of the national total.