The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (or FECRT) was suggested in the The World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guideline for estimating the reduction in fecal egg counts (FECs) and its corresponding confidence interval. The results of this test can be used to determine the anthelmintic resistance status of the animals.
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Generally an analytical sensitivity of 50 is used, 15 is also possible if a greater sensitivity is desired. In order to reduce the counting variability, using groups of at least 10-15 animals was suggested, depending on the animal species of interest. In addition, the mean pre-treatment FECs should be at least 150 eggs per gram (epg), otherwise the FECRT can give unreliable results.
Mathematical Formulation
Suppose a group of
where
where
Results Interpretation
The WAAVP guideline states that for sheep and goats, the resistance is present if
(i) the percentage reduction in FECs is less than 95% and,
(ii) the corresponding lower 95% confidence limit is less than 90%.
If only one of these two criterion is met, then an anthelmintic resistance is suspected. Different thresholds have been suggested for other livestock.
Criticism and Current Alternatives
Firstly, the conventional counting techniques such as the McMaster method introduce additional variability in the counts which is not accounted for in the FECRT. As a result, the estimated percentage reduction are less reliable especially for low counts. Secondly, the distribution of egg counts is typically aggregated within the host population. There were several attempts to propose more elaborate statistical models in the past years. An emerging class of statistical model, namely Bayesian hierarchical models, has been proposed to overcome these problems. Easy-to-use software and website interface based on those sophisticated but reliable statistical models are available to aid veterinary researchers.