Fabricius (Latin: smith, German: Schmied, Schmidt) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
people from the Ancient Roman gens Fabricia:
Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, the first of the Fabricii to move to Rome
Johann Goldsmid (1587–1616), known by his Latinized name Johann Fabricius, and son of David Fabricius (1564–1617). Astronomer who discovered the variability of the star Mira Ceti in 1596.
Carel Fabritius (sometimes spelled Fabricius, 1622–1654), Dutch painter
David Fabricius (1564–1617), German theologian and astronomer, discoverer of the variable star Mira
Ernst Fabricius (1857–1942), German historian, archaeologist and classical scholar
Georg Fabricius (1516–1571), German poet, historian and archaeologist
Hieronymus Fabricius or Girolamo Fabrizio (1537–1619), Italian anatomist
Hildanus Fabricius (Wilhelm Fabry) (1560–1634), German anatomist and surgeon
Johan Fabricius (1899–1981), Dutch writer, journalist and adventurer
Johann Albert Fabricius (1668–1736), German classical scholar, publisher, and librarian
Johann Phillip Fabricius (1711–1791), German Christian missionary in southern India
Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish botanist and entomologist
Johannes Fabricius, (1587–1615) Frisian astronomer, discoverer of sunspots, son of David Fabricius
Nanna Øland Fabricius (1985–) Danish singer-songwriter, great-great-granddaughter of Otto Fabricius
Otto Fabricius (1744–1822) Danish missionary, naturalist, ethnographer and explorer of Greenland
Philipp Conrad Fabricius (1714–1774), German botanist
Werner Fabricius, German composer, father of Johann Albert Fabricius
Wilhelm Fabricius, German ambassador to Romania under Hitler
Alexander Carpenter, Latinized Fabricius, (fl. 1429), English religious philosopher and author