Nationality French Alma mater College Mazarin | Institutions College de France Name Etienne Fourmont | |
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Born 23 June 1683
Herblay, Val-d'Oise, France ( 1683-06-23 ) Died 8 December 1745(1745-12-08) (aged 62)
Paris, France Fields Arabic, Hebrew, Chinese | ||
Etienne Fourmont (Chinese: 傅爾蒙; pinyin: Fu Ermeng; 23 June 1683 – 8 December 1745) was a French scholar and Orientalist who served as professor of Arabic at the College de France and published grammars on the Arabic, Hebrew, and Chinese languages.
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Although Fourmont is remembered as one of the earliest semi-professional sinologists, his legacy is significantly tarnished by the fact that he earned his reputation mainly by appropriating the work of his assistant, Arcadius Huang, and frequently plagiarized the works of other scholars.
Life and career
Born at Herblay near Argenteuil, he studied at the College Mazarin in Paris and afterwards in the College Montaigu where his attention was attracted to Oriental languages. Shortly after leaving the college he published a Traduction du commentaire du Rabbin Abraham A ben Esra sur l'Ecclesiaste.
In 1711 Louis XIV appointed Fourmont to assist Arcadius Huang, a Catholic Chinese convert, in cataloging the French royal collection of works in Chinese and compiling a Chinese dictionary. One day, Fourmont was discovered copying Huang's work, and after Huang's death there was suspicion that Fourmont had not given Huang adequate credit. Huang died in 1716, and Fourmont immediately appropriated his work for himself. He completed Huang's catalogue and published it in Paris in 1737 as Catalogus Codicum Manuscriptorum Bibliothecae Regiae (Royal Library Catalog of Manuscripts). He also wrote Reflexions critiques sur les histoires des anciens peuples (1735), and several dissertations printed in the Memoires of the Academy of Inscriptions. Fourmont's most notable work was his 1737 grammar of Chinese: Linguae Sinarum mandarinicae hieroglyphicae grammatical duplex patine et cum characteribus Sinensium. This work is simply a copy of Francisco Varo's earlier Chinese grammar, with the addition of Chinese characters.
He became professor of Arabic in the College de France in 1715. In 1713 he was elected a member of the Academy of Inscriptions, in 1738 a member of the Royal Society of London, and in 1742 a member of that of Berlin. He died at Paris on 8 December 1745.
His brother, Michel Fourmont (1690–1746), was also a member of the Academy of Inscriptions, and professor of the Syriac language in the Royal College.