Kingdom Animalia Class Insecta Family Nymphalidae Scientific name Erebia cassioides | Phylum Arthropoda Order Lepidoptera Genus Erebia Rank Species | |
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Similar Water ringlet, Erebia euryale, Silky ringlet, Piedmont ringlet, Small mountain ringlet | ||
Erebia cassioides moir arverne m le butinant
Erebia cassioides (common brassy ringlet) is a member of the Satyrinae subfamily of Nymphalidae.
Contents
Subspecies
Subspecies include:
On the basis of studies of enzymatic electrophoresis and of mitochondrial DNA the subspecies Erebia cassioides arvernensis should be considered a distinct species named Erebia dromus (Fabricius, 1793), which is distributed in the Western Pyrenees, in the Western Alps and in Apennines.
Distribution and habitat
This European endemic species is present in Spain (Cantabrian mountains, Pyrenees), France (Pyrenees, Massif Central and the western and eastern Alps), Italy, Switzerland, Romania (Carpathians), Bulgaria (Rila and Pirin Mountains.), Greece, Macedonia and in the Balkans (Serbia, Montenegro, Albania and Bosnia). It prefers grassy slopes with stones and rocks at altitudes between 1,600 and 2,600 meters.
Description
The wingspan is 32–38 mm. These small butterflies have a brown forewings with a metallic greenish shine, the so-called "brassy ringlet". On the forewings there is an orange postdiscal band and two small ocelli pupillated with white towards the apex. A series of small ocelli appears on the hindwings. The underside of the forewings is orange with a brownish border and two small ocelli at the apex, while the hind wings are shiny silvery-gray and ocher.
Biology
The females lay their eggs close to the ground, usually on dry stalks of grass. The larvae feed on various grasses (Festuca ovina, Poa species, Nardus stricta), including Gramineae species. The caterpillar hibernates in the first or second larval instar and pupates the following year between June and August. Adults fly from July to September with a peak in August.