Trisha Shetty (Editor)

Emilian dialect

Updated on
Edit
Like
Comment
Share on FacebookTweet on TwitterShare on LinkedInShare on Reddit
Native to
  
Italy

Native speakers
  
ca. 1.3 million (2006)

Ethnicity
  
3.3 million (2008)

Region
  
Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy, Tuscany, Liguria

Language family
  
Indo-European Italic Romance Western Gallo-Italic Emiliano-Romagnolo Emilian

Dialects
  
Bolognese, Ferrarese, Modenese, Reggiano, Parmigiano, Piacentino

Emilian is a group of dialects of the Emilian-Romagnol language spoken in the area historically called Emilia, the western portion of today's Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

Contents

There is no standardised version of Emilian.

The default word order is subject–verb–object. There are two genders as well as a distinction between plural and singular. Emilian has a strong T–V distinction to distinguish varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity or insult. Its alphabet uses a considerable number of diacritics.

Classification

Emilian is a dialect of the Emilian-Romagnol language, one of the Gallo-Italic languages. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between the various varieties of Emilian and the other dialect, Romagnol. The Gallo-Italic family has Emilian-Romagnol, Piedmontese, Ligurian and Lombard.

Dialects

Linguasphere Observatory recognises the following dialects:

  • Mantovano, spoken in all but the very north of the Province of Mantua in Lombardy. It has a strong Lombard influence.
  • Vogherese (Pavese-Vogherese), spoken in the Province of Pavia in Lombardy. It is closely related phonetically and morphologically to Piacentino. It is also akin to Tortonese.
  • Piacentino, spoken west of the River Taro in the Province of Piacenza and on the border with the province of Parma. The variants of Piacentino are strongly influenced by Lombard, Piedmontese, and Ligurian.
  • Parmigiano, spoken in the Province of Parma. Those from the area refer to the Parmigiano spoken outside of Parma as Arioso or Parmense, although today's urban and rural dialects are so mixed that only a few speak the original. The language spoken in Casalmaggiore in the Province of Cremona to the north of Parma is closely related to Parmigiano.
  • Reggiano, spoken in the Province of Reggio Emilia, although the northern parts (such as Guastalla, Luzzara and Reggiolo) of the province are not part of this group and closer to Mantovano.
  • Modenese, spoken in the Province of Modena, although Bolognese is more widespread in the Castelfranco area. In the northern part of the province of Modena, the lowlands around the town of Mirandola, a Mirandolese sub-dialect of Modenese is spoken.
  • Bolognese, spoken in the Province of Bologna and in around Castelfranco Emilia, Modena.
  • Ferrarese, spoken in the Province of Ferrara, southern Veneto, and Comacchio.

    • Other definitions include the following:

  • Carrarese and the Lunigiano dialect, spoken in Carrara, Lunigiana, in almost all of the Province of Massa and Carrara and a good portion of the Province of La Spezia, i.e. northwestern Tuscany. Historically, this region has been part of both Tuscany and the Duchy of Parma at different times, so has a close economic relationship with the Emilian area and is geographically proximate due to the Magra and Vara rivers.
  • Massese (mixed with some Tuscanian features)
  • Casalasco, spoken in Cremona, Lombardy.

    • Writing system

    Emilian is written using a Latin script that has never been standardised. As a result, spelling varies widely across the dialects. The dialects are largely oral and are rarely written; however, the Bible was published in Emilian-Romagnol in 1865; the work has since been lost.

    References

    Emilian dialect Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA