Name Emile Vandervelde | Role Belgian statesman | |
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Died December 27, 1938, Ixelles, Belgium Education Universite libre de Bruxelles Books Collectivism and Industrial Evolution - Scholar's Choice Edition | ||
Emile vandervelde i
Emile Vandervelde (25 January 1866 – 27 December 1938) was a Belgian socialist politician and statesman. Nicknamed "the boss" (le patron), Vandervelde was a leading figure in the Belgian Labour Party (POB–BWP) and in international socialism.
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Career
Emile Auguste Vandervelde was born into a middle-class family in Ixelles, a suburb of Brussels, in Belgium on 25 January 1866. Initially attracted by Liberal politics, Vandervelde entered the Free University of Brussels as a law student in 1881. Increasingly attracted to new socialist ideas, Vandervelde left the liberals for the socialist group, the Workers' League of Ixelles (Ligue Ouvrière d'Ixelles), in 1885. In 1886, he joined the newly formed Belgian Labour Party (POB–BWP). He worked as an academic at the Free University.
Following the extension of universal male suffrage in 1893, Vandervelde proposed a manifesto for the POB, known as the Charter of Quaregnon which would form the basis for Belgian socialist politics until the 1970s. In the 1894 elections, Vandervelde was elected to the Chamber of Representatives for the industrial city of Charleroi. He held the seat until 1890, when he transferred to Brussels which he held from 1900 to 1938. From 1900 to 1918, he held the position of president of the Second International.
Vandervelde was named Minister of State in 1914 and supported the policy of resistance to the German invasion of Belgium in World War I. In 1916, he entered the de Broqueville government. He was a delegate for Belgium at the Treaty of Versailles and subsequently involved in the League of Nations. In 1923, he helped to found the Labour and Socialist International of which he held the presidency until 1938.
Vandervelde's principle political aims concerned the extension of universal suffrage and social democracy. As a theoretician, he wrote extensively on the role of the state in socialism. In 1913, he was named a corresponding member of the Classe des Lettres et des Sciences morales et politiques at the Royal Academy of Belgium, later becoming a titular member in 1929 and director of the Classe in 1933. He was an opponent of King Leopold II's attempts to expand his constitutional powers through the creation of the Congo Free State in the period leading up to the Free State's annexation by Belgium in 1908.
Vandervelde held the portfolio of Minister of Justice between 1918 and 1921 in which role he supporter prison reform, measures against alcoholism, trade union rights and women's rights. In 1922 he traveled to Russia to defend the members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party in a public trial (which resulted in his inclusion into a satirical poem "Mayakovsky Gallery" by a Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky). From 1925 to 1927, he held the role of Minister of Foreign Affairs where he contributed to the Locarno Pact. He subsequently held a position on the Council of Ministers (1935–36) and Minister of Public Health (1936–37) in the government of Paul Van Zeeland.
In 1933, Vandervelde became the POB's first president but increasingly found his internationalism and reformism challenged by a new generation of Belgian socialists. During the Spanish Civil War, Vandervelde's desire to intervene was challenged by Henri de Man and Paul-Henri Spaak.
He was a freemason, and a member of the lodge Les Amis Philanthropes of the Grand Orient of Belgium in Brussels. His personal papers are held by the Institut Émile Vandervelde in Brussels.