Neha Patil (Editor)

Elu

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Region
  
Sri Lanka

Glottolog
  
None

Era
  
evolved into Sinhalese

Elu

Language family
  
Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Southern Indo-Aryan Insular Indo-Aryan Eḷu

Eḷu, also Hela or Helu, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language or Prakrit of the 3rd century BCE. It is ancestral to the Sinhalese language. R. C. Childers, in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, states:

Contents

[Elu] is the name by which is known an ancient form of the Sinhala language from which the modern vernacular of Ceylon is immediately received, and to which the latter bears is of the same relation that the English of today bears to Anglo-Saxon...The name Elu is no other than Sinhala much succeeded, standing for an older form, Hĕla or Hĕlu, which occurs in some ancient works, and this again for a still older, Sĕla, which brings us back to the Pali Sîhala.

The Pali scholar Thomas William Rhys Davids refers to Eḷu as "the Prakrit of Ceylon".

The Hela Havula are a modern Sri Lankan literary organization that advocate the use of Eḷu terms over Sanskritisms. Eḷu is often referred to by modern Sinhalese as amisra, Sinhalese for "unmixed".

A feature of Eḷu is its preference for short vowels, loss of aspiration and the reduction of compound consonants found frequently in other Prakrits such as Pali.

Eḷu in comparison with Pali and Sanskrit

Being a Prakrit, Eḷu is closely related to other Prakrits such as Pali. Indeed, a very large proportion of Eḷu word-stems are identical in form to Pali. The connections were sufficiently well known that technical terms from Pali and Sanskrit were easily converted into Eḷu by a set of conventional phonological transformations. Because of the prevalence of these transformations, it is not always possible to tell whether a given Eḷu word is a part of the old Prakrit lexicon, or a transformed borrowing from Sanskrit.

Vowels and diphthongs

  • Sanskrit ai and au always monophthongize to Eḷu e and o, respectively
  • Sanskrit avi becomes Eḷu e (i.e. avi → ai → e)

    • Sound changes

  • Initial ca in Sanskrit and Pali becomes s or h
  • P if not omitted becomes v
  • The Sanskrit sibilants ś, ṣ, and s merge as Eḷu s
  • The Sanskrit kti becomes ti or vi

    • Compound consonants

    At the beginning of a word only a single consonant can remain

    In the middle of a word no group may exceed one consonant

    References

    Elu Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA