Nationality English | Name Elizabeth Duchess | |
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Born 26 January 1667 ( 1667-01-26 ) Petworth House, Sussex Occupation Courtier and politician Died November 24, 1722, Northumberland House, London, United Kingdom Spouse Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset (m. 1682), Thomas Thynne (m. 1681–1682) Children Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset Parents Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland, Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Northumberland Grandchildren Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland Grandparents Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton | ||
Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset and suo jure Baroness Percy (26 January 1667 – 24 November 1722) was a great heiress. She was born Lady Elizabeth Percy, the only surviving child and sole heiress of Joceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644-1670). Lady Elizabeth was one of the closest personal friends of Queen Anne, which led Jonathan Swift to direct at her one of his sharpest satires, The Windsor Prophecy in which she was named "Carrots."
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Marriages & progeny
She married thrice, producing progeny by the third marriage only:
Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle
At the age of 12 she married firstly on 27 March 1679, the 20 year-old Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle (1659 – 1 November 1680), the only son and heir of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle, who in accordance with the marriage settlement adopted the surname of Percy in lieu of his patronymic. However he died the following year and was buried in the parish church at the Percy seat of Petworth. Without progeny, although due to her young age the marriage probably had not been consummated.
Thomas Thynne
On 15 November 1681 at the age of 14, she married secondly to Thomas Thynne (d.1682) of Longleat, Wiltshire, known due to his great income as "Tom of Ten Thousand", a relative of Thomas Thynne, 1st Viscount Weymouth. He was murdered the following February by a gang on the order of Swedish Count Karl Johann von Konigsmark, who had started to pursue her following rumour that her marriage was unhappy. For the rest of her life her enemies spread the story that she had incited the murder. The actual murderers were hanged, but Konigsmark was acquitted of being an accessory to the crime, despite widespread public feeling against him. Without progeny.
Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset
Five months after the death of Thomas Thynne, at the age of 15 she married on 30 May 1682 the 20 year-old Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, of Marlborough Castle in Wiltshire, and so became Duchess of Somerset. Soon after the marriage he rebuilt in palatial style her father's principal seat Petworth House in Sussex. She was Mistress of the Robes to Queen Anne from 1710 to 1714. The marriage is said to have been unhappy: while she brought the Duke great wealth, it was said that she received neither affection nor gratitude in return. By the Duke she had progeny as follows:
Political influence
The Duke and Duchess were among the Queen's oldest friends, with whom she had taken refuge in 1692 after a violent quarrel with William III and Mary. Like Marlborough before him, Somerset used his wife's position as confidante to advance his career. Both of them became the target of violent verbal attacks, especially from Swift who hoped to influence the Queen through Abigail Masham, the obvious rival for the position of confidante. Apparently against Mrs. Masham's wishes he published a violent diatribe, The Windsor Prophecy, against the Duchess, referred to as "Carrots" (a common nickname derived from the Duchess' red hair). Swift explicitly accused the Duchess of having conspired to murder her second husband, and wildly suggested that she might poison the Queen "I have been told, they assassin when young and poison when old". The Queen was outraged; always a bad enemy to make, from then on she refused to consider Swift for preferment to a bishopric: even his appointment as Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, was made against her strongly expressed wishes (she did not have power to veto it). Ignoring the gossip, she insisted on retaining the Duchess in her household.
The Duke's pride and arrogance eventually wore out the Queen's patience and he was dismissed from his court offices early in 1712. The Queen's doctor, Sir David Hamilton, advised her to keep the Duchess in her service "for her own quiet", and the Queen agreed. The Duchess remained with the Queen to the end of Anne's life, by which time Lord Dartmouth described her as "much the greatest favourite". During the Queen's painful last days, Elizabeth's calm and soothing manner is said to have brought some comfort, whereas Mrs. Masham was in a state of hysterics.
Reputation
Elizabeth's influence on the Queen, together with her colourful past, made her many enemies. Like her husband she seems to have been proud, although Lord Dartmouth called her "the best bred as well as the best born person in England". She showed great skill in dealing with the Queen, her secret, it was said, being never to press the Queen to do anything, in contrast to Abigail Masham who constantly asked for favours. She was known as a shrewd observer of Court life and a notorious gossip; even the Queen, who was fond of her, called her "one of the most observing, prying ladies in England".
Estates and residences
Lady Elizabeth Percy brought immense estates to her husbands and in addition her residences: Alnwick Castle, Petworth House, Syon House and Northumberland House in London.