Eilema caniola

Subspecies

Distribution and habitat

This species can be found in North Africa, in western and southern Europe, in Eastern Europe up to South-western Russia, in the Near East, in the East Palearctic ecozone and in the Oriental ecozone. These thermophilic moths usually occur in urban areas and as a caterpillar on old walls, roofs, shingle beaches and rocky areas.

Technical description and variation

The wingspan is 28–35 mm. Almost the same in colouring as Eilema griseola and Eilema lurideola but the forewings are much smaller, the outer margin is oblique, only slightly excurved; the colour is much lighter, more yellowish grey, so that the pale yellow costal stripe is less prominent. Hindwings are very pale, scarcely darker at the costal margin, with the apex much more pointed than in the two species mentioned, with which it might be confounded.

It is at once distinguished from Eilema complanum by the underside of the forewing, on which the pale grey colour extends to the margin, the latter not being broadly yellow as in complanum. - ab. vitellina Bdv. is a form with the forewing dusted with grey close to the distal margin and of a pale bright yellow ground colour in the male - ab. albeola Hbn. is considerably smaller, and, except for the bright yellow thorax, entirely white on the upperside; it occurs among ordinary specimens.

Larva are grey or reddish brown with dark dorsal line, red subdorsal lines edged with black and occasionally spotted with white or black.

Biology

These moths are nocturnal and rest at day on shady rocks. They fly in two or three generations from July to September depending on the location. They are attracted to light. The larvae mainly feed on algae, especially on green films of Pleurococcus and on a variety of lichens growing on rocks, but also on the flowers of broom (Genista sp.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus sp.) and clover (Trifolium sp.).