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Ecological land classification

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Ecological land classification is a cartographical delineation or regionalisation of distinct ecological areas, identified by their geology, topography, soils, vegetation, climate conditions, living species, habitats, water resources, and sometimes also anthropic factors. These factors control and influence biotic composition and ecological processes.

Contents

Concept

The expression "ecological land classification" as understood in this article, is approximate with the biogeographical and ecological regionalisations in a scientific context (see biogeographic units).

However, its actual usage is more approximate with a tool used for land management, in the context of environmental resource management.

In Canada ecological land classification schemes are commonly used. Provincial authorities have adopted methods to classify ecosystems within various ecoregions of the province. Ontario is one such province that uses an extensive method to define ecological units. Improvements in hand held technology have allowed for more efficient collection of vegetation and physiological data in the field, such as with the ELC eTool.

Classification types

Many different lists and ecological land classification schemes have been developed.

  • Biogeography - Biogeographical provinces take into account both flora and fauna.
  • Phytogeography - from Greek words phyto = plant and geography meaning also distribution, concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species.
  • Botany - botanists have identified floristic provinces based on flora-plant communities
  • Zoology - zoologists have identified zoogeographic provinces based on faunal communities.
  • Conservation - approximating ecosystem capacity and potentials.
  • Geology and Pedology (soil study) - the physical matter and energy that constitute the Earth.
  • Classification schemes

    Following, a comparison of classification schemes and terms used in the study of the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and the Earth in ecology and other fields.

    Ecology

    In ecology:

  • ecosphere
  • ecozone
  • ecoprovince
  • ecoregion
  • ecodistrict
  • ecotope / ecosystem sensu stricto
  • Biogeography

    In biogeography:

  • biosphere
  • biome
  • bioregion
  • biotope
  • Zoogeography

    In zoogeography:

  • zoogeographic region
  • zootope
  • Phytogeography

    In phytogeography:

  • floristic kingdom
  • floristic region
  • floristic province
  • phytotope
  • For the physiognomic approach, see Vegetation#Classifications.

    For the assoociation (phytosociological) approach, see Phytosociology#Classificatory traditions.

    Physiography

    In physiography:

  • physiosphere
  • physiotope
  • Geology

    In Geology:

  • geosphere
  • geotope
  • Pedology

    In pedology (soil study):

  • pedosphere
  • pedotope
  • Köppen (1884)

  • Main climate group, 5 groups, 1st letter
  • Type of precipitation pattern, 2nd letter
  • Subtype, degree of summer heat, 3rd letter
  • Other

  • Aridity index
  • Climate zones by altitude
  • References

    Ecological land classification Wikipedia


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