Mission type Weather satellite COSPAR ID 1966-008A Manufacturer RCA Astro Inclination 97.94° Period 1.7 hours Launch date 3 February 1966 | Operator ESSA/NASA SATCAT no. 1982 Launch site Cape Canaveral LC-17A Inclination 97.94° Launch mass 304 kg Rocket Delta C | |
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Similar Courier 1B, Space Technology 5, Hitchhiker Program, Wide Field Infrared Explorer, Lacrosse | ||
ESSA-1 (or OT-3) was a spin-stabilized operational meteorological satellite. Its name was derived from that of its oversight agency, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA).
Launch
ESSA-1 was launched on 3 February 1966 at 07:41 UTC. It was launched atop a Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft had a mass of 304 kilograms (670 lb) at the time of launch. ESSA-1 had an inclination of 97.91°, and an orbited the earth once every 100 minutes. Its perigee was 702 kilometers (379 nmi) and its apogee was 845 kilometers (456 nmi).
ESSA-1 had a similar design to that of the TIROS satellite series. It was an 18-sided right prism, measuring 107 centimeters (42 in) across opposite corners and 56 centimeters (22 in). It had a reinforced baseplate, which carried most of the subsystems and a cover assembly (hat). ESSA-1 had approximately 10,000 1-cm by 2-cm solar cells, which charged 21 nickel–cadmium batteries. ESSA-1 was designed to take pictures of daytime cloud cover, record them, and transmit them when it was in range of a ground acquisition station.
The satellite spin rate and attitude were determined primarily by a magnetic attitude spin coil (MASC). The MASC was a current-carrying coil mounted in the cover assembly. The magnetic field induced by the coil interacted with that of the Earth's magnetic field, and provided the necessary torque to maintain a desired spin rate of 9.225 revolutions per minute (rpm). Five small solid-fuel thrusters mounted on the baseplate provided a secondary means of controlling the spin rate.
ESSA-1 operated normally until 6 October 1966, when the camera system failed. The spacecraft was fully deactivated on 8 May 1967, after being left on for an additional period of time for engineering purposes.