The counts of Limburg were the original rulers of the Duchy of Limburg and rose to prominence when one of their house was appointed Duke of Lower Lorraine.
Though Lorraine was soon confiscated, the ducal title was kept within the family, transferred it to the county of Limburg, which was eventually ratified by the Holy Roman Emperor. Thereafter, the dukes of Limburg were one of several lines of heirs of the territory and title of the old duke of Lower Lorraine. After the occupation in 1794 by the French, the old Austrian Duchy of Limburg was disbanded and the largest part was absorbed into the département of Ourthe (which became the province of Liège). Only a small northern part belonged to the département of Meuse-Inférieure and thus to the later province of Limburg.
The title "Duke of Limburg" was revived after the foundation of the "new style" Duchy of Limburg as a result of the Treaty of London in 1839. According to this treaty the duchy (without the cities of Maastricht and Venlo), was joined to the German Confederation. After the collapse of this confederation in 1866, Limburg as a duchy ceased to exist and became a province of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
1065–1082: Waleran I (received Limburg through his wife Judith, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine)
1082–1119: Henry I (son of, also duke of Lower Lorraine)
1119–1139: Waleran II (son of, also kept the ducal title his father had been granted as ruler of Lower Lorraine)
1139–1170: Henry II (son of, also count of Arlon)
1170–1221: Henry III (son of, also count of Arlon)
1221–1226: Waleran III (son of, also count of Arlon and Lord of Monjoie)
1226–1247: Henry IV (son of, also count of Berg and Lord of Monjoie)
1247–1279: Waleran IV (son of)
1279–1283: Ermengarde (daughter of, married Reginald I, Duke of Guelders)
The Duchy of Limburg was lost in 1288 to the dukes of Brabant in the Battle of Worringen.
1288–1294: John I (also duke of Brabant and Dukes of Lothier)
1294–1312: John II (son of, also duke of Brabant and Dukes of Lothier)
1312–1355: John III (son of, also duke of Brabant and Dukes of Lothier)
1355–1406: Joanna (daughter of, married)
1406–1415: Anthony (great-nephew of)
1415–1427: John IV (son of)
1427–1430: Philip I also called Philip of Saint Pol - (brother of)
1430–1467: Philip II also called Philip the Good (cousin of)
1467–1477: Charles I also called Charles the Bold (son of)
1477–1482: Mary (daughter of, married Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, regent from 1482 until 1494)
1494–1506: Philip III also called Philip the Handsome - (son of)
1506–1555: Charles II (son of, also Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain)
After the abdication of Charles II, the Seventeen Provinces went to the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg.
1555–1598: Philip IV (son of, also King of Spain)
1598–1621: Isabella and Albert (daughter and son-in-law of)
1621–1665: Philip V (nephew of)
1665–1700: Charles III (son of, also King of Spain)
1700–1706: Philip VI (cousin of, also King of Spain)
After the death of Philip VI the Seventeen Provinces returned to the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg.
1706–1740: Charles IV (cousin of, also Holy Roman Emperor)
1740–1780: Maria Theresa (daughter of, also Queen of Hungary and Bohemia)
1780–1789: Joseph (son of, also Holy Roman Emperor)
1790–1792: Leopold (brother of, also Holy Roman Emperor)
1792–1794: Francis also called Double Emperor (son of, also Holy Roman Emperor and Emperor of Austria)
1839–1840: William I (also King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg)
1840–1849: William II (also King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg)
1849–1866: William III (also King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg)
