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The Dukedom of Galliera was an Italian noble title created in 1812 by Emperor Napoleon I of France for Josephine of Leuchtenberg, daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais and granddaughter of Napoleon's first wife Josephine, which she kept even after her marriage with Oscar, Crown Prince of Sweden. The name refers to the comune of Galliera, located in the Province of Bologna in Emilia–Romagna. Napoleon had already given her the Palazzo Caprara in Bologna in 1807, which was renamed the Palazzo Galliera.
In 1837, after a decade of negotiations, Prince Oscar sold properties attached to the dukedom to Marquis Raffaele de Ferrari of Genoa. The following year, he received the title of Duke of Galliera from Pope Gregory XVI. In 1839, King Charles Albert of Sardinia confirmed the grant to the marquis and added the title of Prince of Lucedio.
With his wife, Maria Brignole-Sale, the new Duke of Galliera had three children, but two of them died young and childless. The third, the famous philatelist Philipp von Ferrary, renounced the title and inheritance to which it was linked.
In 1877, after the death of her husband, Maria Brignole-Sale, fervent Orléanist, bequeathed his Italian properties to the Duke of Montpensier, youngest son of Louis-Philippe I, King of the French. After the death of the duchess in 1888 the prince received from King Umberto I of Italy the ducal title. From then, the title Duke of Galliera has belonged to the Orleans branch of the Spanish Royal Family, although the properties attached to the dukedom were sold by the 4th Duke in 1920.