Diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes, or DPPs are water-resistant dyes.
DPP dyes are based on the bicyclic heterocyclic compound diketopyrrolopyrrole. 2,5-Dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-1,4-dione is a basic body of Diketopyrrolopyrrole dye.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments are an important class of high-performance pigments used in inks, paints and plastic. More recently their optical-electronic performance was discovered for photovoltaic applications and related uses.
optical properties
Diketopyrrolopyrrole has high stability to heat but not very well to acid and base. The alkylation of amide groups improves the solubility. The modified DDP shows high fluorescence and the emission wavelength is adjustable by change the aromatic group at 3 and 6 positions. Both electron donor group, such as thiophene, and expanding of the conjugated system increase the emission wavelength. DPP is also developed as a red emitting group in pure polymer light emitting diodes. Some DPP derivatives show aggregation induced emission and were used as effective fluorescent sensors.
Literature
Chem. Commun., 2012, 48, 3039–3051