Kingdom Animalia Family Paradoxosomatidae Rank Genus | Class Diplopoda Phylum Arthropoda Order Polydesmida | |
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Similar Paradoxosomatidae, Polydesmida, Orthomorpha, Ornate sleeper‑ray, Mindoro stripe‑faced fruit bat | ||
Desmoxytes, whose species are commonly known as the dragon millipedes, is a genus of millipede of the family Paradoxosomatidae found in southeast Asia. The genus was described by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1923 and reviewed by Sergei Golovatch and Henrik Enghoff in 1994. At least twenty-nine species are known from southeastern China to Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. One species, D. planata, has also been observed in Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, Seychelles, Java, Great Coco Island, and Fiji; however, this species has expanded its range by being transported through human activity. Several species have only recently been discovered and some have yet to be officially described.
Generally, species in this genus are striking in coloration and spiny, although several species are cave-dwelling, and show troglomorphic characters such as pale browinish coloration and long, narrow spines. This genus is unique for its sculptured, ornamented dorsum, and elaborate paranota. The maximum length for a species in this genus is around 3 centimeters (1.2 inches). Species in this genus also have the ability to produce hydrogen cyanide to ward off predators, which can give the dragon millipedes an almondlike smell.
Species
Other than D. planata, each species of dragon millipede is known primarily from only one or a few locations in their country of origin. Additionally, there is one species from Australia, Desmoxytoides hasenpuschorum, which is extremely similar to Desmoxytes but has been split into its own monotypic genus; there is speculation, even by the genus authority for Desmoxytoides, that this split is not necessary. Five species of Desmoxytes, including D. aspera, D. cervaria, D. draco, D. pilosa, and D. spectabilis, were originally placed in the separate genus Hylomus before it was lumped into Desmoxytes.