Derbyshire is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Delia Derbyshire (1937–2001), British musician and composerEileen Derbyshire (born 1930), British character actressJonathan Derbyshire, British writer and authorJohn Derbyshire (born 1945), British-born American author and conservative essayistJohn Derbyshire (swimmer) (1878–1938), English Olympian freestyle swimmer and water polo playerMatt Derbyshire (born 1986), English footballer for Nottingham Forest and England U-21Paul Derbyshire (born 1986), Italian rugby union playerVictoria Derbyshire (born 1968), British journalist and radio broadcaster